Fritz Klaus, Salavastru Carmen
Hautärzte- und Laserzentrum Landau (Pfalz), Reduitstr. 13, 76829, Landau, Deutschland.
Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Universität Carol Davila, Bukarest, Rumänien.
Hautarzt. 2020 Dec;71(12):920-925. doi: 10.1007/s00105-020-04716-x.
Pigmentation disorders are among the most common cutaneous changes and occur in up to 60% of all people. They can be genetic or acquired, functionally or cosmetically disturbing, or the expression of a medical disorder. The best treatment options for hyperpigmentation are usually lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL). However, they can also worsen some conditions and are occasionally associated with side effects. A correct diagnosis is therefore essential, taking into account the skin type, the type of pigmentation and how deep the pigmentation is located in the skin. The most common indications for which laser treatment is recommended include genetically predisposed nevi (Becker, Ota, Hora, Ito, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules [ABNOM]), pigmentation (e.g., lentigines, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, ephelides, café au lait, nevus spilus, linear and whorled hypermelanosis [LWNH]), nevus cell nevi, exogenous pigments, tattoos and cosmetic pigments.
色素沉着紊乱是最常见的皮肤变化之一，在高达60%的人群中出现。它们可以是遗传性的或后天获得的，在功能上或美容方面令人困扰，或者是一种医学病症的表现。色素沉着过度的最佳治疗选择通常是激光和强脉冲光（IPL）。然而，它们也可能使某些情况恶化，并且偶尔会伴有副作用。因此，考虑到皮肤类型、色素沉着类型以及色素在皮肤中的深度，正确诊断至关重要。推荐进行激光治疗的最常见适应症包括遗传性易患痣（贝克痣、太田痣、霍纳痣、伊藤痣、后天性双侧太田痣样斑痣[ABNOM]）、色素沉着（如雀斑样痣、炎症后色素沉着、雀斑、咖啡斑、斑痣、线状和涡状色素沉着过度[LWNH]）、痣细胞痣、外源性色素、纹身和化妆品色素。
