Vitali Andrea, Togni Giovanni, Regazzoni Daniele, Rizzi Caterina, Molinero Guido
Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021 Jan;198:105795. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105795. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
The paper presents a novel procedure based on 3D scanning and 3D modelling to automatically assess linear and volumetric measurements of an arm and to be further applied to patients affected by post breast cancer lymphedema. The aim is the creation of a virtual platform easily usable by medical personnel to get more objective evaluations during the lymphedema treatment.
The procedure is based on the 3D scanning of the arm using the Occipital Structure Sensor and an ad-hoc developed application, named Lym 3DLab. Lym 3DLab emulates the traditional measurement methods, which consist in taking manual circumference measurements or using the water displacement method. These measurements are also used to design the compression stockings, the typical orthopaedic device used for lymphedema treatment. A validation test has been performed to compare the measurements computed by Lym 3DLab with both water displacement and manual circumference measurements. Eight volunteers have been involved who are not affected by lymphedema. Furthermore, a specific usability test has been performed to evaluate the 3D scanning procedure by involving four physiotherapists.
The comparison between the volumes has highlighted how all the 3D acquired models have their volumes inside a range of acceptability. This range has been defined by considering the sensitivity error of the tape measure used to measure the water displacement. The comparison between the perimeters of cross sections computed with Lym 3DLab and the circumference measurements has shown results that are very accurate with an average difference of 2 mm. The measure errors have been considered negligible by the medical personnel who have evaluated the proposed procedure more accurate than the traditional ones. The test with physiotherapists has shown a high level of usability of the whole virtual environment, but the 3D scanning procedure requires an appropriate training of the personnel to make the 3D acquisition as fast and efficient as possible.
The achieved results and the physiotherapists' feedback allow planning a future test with patients affected by lymphedema in collaboration with the hospital. A further test has been planned to use the computed measurements to design orthopaedic compression stockings.
本文介绍了一种基于三维扫描和三维建模的新方法，用于自动评估手臂的线性和体积测量，并进一步应用于乳腺癌后淋巴水肿患者。目的是创建一个医疗人员易于使用的虚拟平台，以便在淋巴水肿治疗期间获得更客观的评估。
该方法基于使用枕骨结构传感器对手臂进行三维扫描以及一个专门开发的名为Lym 3DLab的应用程序。Lym 3DLab模拟传统测量方法，传统方法包括手动测量周长或使用排水法。这些测量结果还用于设计压力袜，这是用于淋巴水肿治疗的典型矫形器械。已经进行了一项验证测试，以比较Lym 3DLab计算的测量结果与排水法和手动周长测量结果。八名未患淋巴水肿的志愿者参与其中。此外，还进行了一项特定的可用性测试，让四名物理治疗师参与评估三维扫描程序。
体积之间的比较突出显示，所有三维获取模型的体积都在可接受范围内。该范围是通过考虑用于测量排水体积的卷尺的灵敏度误差来定义的。用Lym 3DLab计算的横截面周长与周长测量结果之间的比较显示，结果非常准确，平均差值为2毫米。评估该提议程序的医务人员认为测量误差可忽略不计，且该程序比传统程序更准确。物理治疗师的测试表明整个虚拟环境具有较高的可用性，但三维扫描程序需要对人员进行适当培训，以使三维采集尽可能快速有效。
所取得的结果和物理治疗师的反馈使得可以计划未来与医院合作，对淋巴水肿患者进行测试。还计划进行进一步测试，以使用计算出的测量结果来设计矫形压力袜。
