Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Feb;23(2):166-181. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1832563. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
The purpose was to quantify trunk and lower extremity biomechanics among back and front squats with a straight bar and four squats with different anterior-posterior load placements imposed by a transformer bar. Ten males and eight females performed six squat conditions: back and front squats with a straight bar, back and front squats with a transformer bar, and squats with more posteriorly or anteriorly placed loads with a transformer bar. A constant load of 70% of the participant's one-repetition maximum in the straight-bar front squat was used. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected to quantify joint biomechanics at an estimated parallel squat position in the descending and ascending phases. Squats with more anteriorly placed load significantly decreased trunk flexion and pelvis anterior tilt angles with large effect sizes but increased low-back extension moments with medium to large effect sizes. Hip, knee, and ankle extension moments were generally similar among most conditions. Participants adjusted their trunk and pelvis to mediate the effects of load placements on low-back and lower extremity moments. While lower extremity loading was similar among different squats, the different trunk and pelvis angles and low-back moments should be taken into consideration for people with low-back impairment.
目的是量化直杆背蹲和前蹲以及通过变形杆施加的四个前后负荷位置的下肢和下肢生物力学。 10 名男性和 8 名女性进行了六种深蹲条件：直杆背蹲和前蹲、变形杆背蹲和前蹲以及变形杆上放置的更靠后或靠前的负荷深蹲。使用直杆前蹲 70%的参与者一次重复最大值的恒定负荷。在下降和上升阶段，收集运动学和动力学数据以量化关节生物力学在估计的平行深蹲位置。具有更靠前负荷的深蹲显著降低了躯干弯曲和骨盆前倾角度，具有较大的效应量，但增加了中到大的腰部伸展力矩。髋关节、膝关节和踝关节伸展力矩在大多数情况下通常相似。参与者调整了他们的躯干和骨盆，以缓解负荷位置对下背部和下肢力矩的影响。虽然不同的深蹲中下肢的负荷相似，但对于腰部有损伤的人来说，应该考虑不同的躯干和骨盆角度以及腰部力矩。
