Slater Lindsay V, Hart Joseph M
Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016 Dec;31:96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.10.004. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
The squat is an assessment of lower extremity alignment during movement, however there is little information regarding altered joint kinetics during poorly performed squats. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in joint kinetics and power from altered knee alignment during a squat. Thirty participants completed squats while displacing the knee medially, anteriorly, and with neutral alignment (control). Sagittal and frontal plane torques at the ankle, knee, and hip were altered in the descending and ascending phase of the squat in both the medial and anterior malaligned squat compared to the control squat. Ankle and trunk power increased and hip power decreased in the medial malaligned squat compared to the control squat. Ankle, knee, and trunk power increased and hip power decreased in the anterior malaligned squat compared to the control squat. Changes in joint torques and power during malaligned squats suggest that altered knee alignment increases ankle and trunk involvement to execute the movement. Increased anterior knee excursion during squatting may also lead to persistent altered loading of the ankle and knee. Sports medicine professionals using the squat for quadriceps strengthening must consider knee alignment to reduce ankle and trunk involvement during the movement.
深蹲是对运动过程中下肢对线的一种评估，然而，关于深蹲动作执行不佳时关节动力学改变的信息却很少。本研究的目的是探讨深蹲过程中膝关节对线改变时关节动力学和功率的变化。30名参与者分别进行了膝关节向内移位、向前移位以及中立对线（对照）的深蹲。与对照深蹲相比，在内侧和前侧对线不良的深蹲中，深蹲下降和上升阶段时踝关节、膝关节和髋关节在矢状面和额状面的扭矩均发生了改变。与对照深蹲相比，在内侧对线不良的深蹲中，踝关节和躯干功率增加，髋关节功率降低。与对照深蹲相比，在前侧对线不良的深蹲中，踝关节、膝关节和躯干功率增加，髋关节功率降低。对线不良的深蹲过程中关节扭矩和功率的变化表明，膝关节对线改变会增加踝关节和躯干参与运动的程度。深蹲过程中膝关节向前移位增加也可能导致踝关节和膝关节持续的负荷改变。使用深蹲进行股四头肌强化训练的运动医学专业人员必须考虑膝关节对线情况，以减少运动过程中踝关节和躯干的参与程度。
