Szewc Karolina, Graca Bożena, Dołęga Anna
Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:143272. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143272. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
In this study, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of microplastics (MPs) deposited from the atmosphere in the coastal zone were analysed. Moreover, links between MP deposition and meteorological factors (air humidity, wind speed, precipitation height, and air mass trajectories) were investigated. MP deposition samples were collected in the southern Baltic area in 2017 and 2018 for 286 days in total. The morphological features of MPs (shape and size) were analysed using a digital microscope. Qualitative analysis was performed using micro-attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μATR FT-IR). The size of the deposited MPs ranged from 5 μm to 5000 μm, and smaller size classes (<720 μm) were predominant (70%). Fibres were of the dominant type (60%). Films and fragments constituted 26% and 14% of the total MPs, respectively, while 55% of the MPs found in the study were polymers often used in textiles, packaging materials, and fishing gear (polyesters and polypropylene). The atmospheric MP deposition ranged from 0 m·d to 30 m·d (average: 10 ± 8 m·d; median: 8 m·d). Based on the air mass trajectory cluster analysis, MPs deposited in Gdynia mainly originated from local sources (<100 km). Furthermore, higher MP deposition occurred when the inflowing air masses were terrestrial, and lower deposition occurred when they were marine. On average, during wet periods twice the amount of MPs was deposited in comparison with dry periods. During dry periods deposition increased with increasing wind speed and was intensified by high relative humidity.
在本研究中，分析了沿海地区大气中沉积的微塑料（MPs）的定量和定性组成。此外，还研究了MPs沉积与气象因素（空气湿度、风速、降水高度和气团轨迹）之间的联系。2017年和2018年在波罗的海南部地区共采集了286天的MPs沉积样本。使用数字显微镜分析了MPs的形态特征（形状和大小）。定性分析采用微衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（μATR FT-IR）进行。沉积的MPs尺寸范围为5μm至5000μm，较小尺寸类别（<720μm）占主导（70%）。纤维是主要类型（60%）。薄膜和碎片分别占MPs总数的26%和14%，而研究中发现的55%的MPs是常用于纺织品、包装材料和渔具的聚合物（聚酯和聚丙烯）。大气中MPs的沉积范围为0 m·d至30 m·d（平均：10±8 m·d；中位数：8 m·d）。基于气团轨迹聚类分析，格但斯克沉积的MPs主要来自本地源（<100 km）。此外，当流入的气团为陆地气团时，MPs沉积量较高，而当气团为海洋气团时，沉积量较低。平均而言，湿润期的MPs沉积量是干燥期的两倍。在干燥期，沉积量随风速增加而增加，并因高相对湿度而加剧。
