State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal Campus, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Apr;268:128827. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128827. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
The environment is contaminated by synthetic contaminants owing to their extensive applications globally. Hence, the removal of synthetic pollutants (SPs) from the environment has received widespread attention. Different remediation technologies have been investigated for their abilities to eliminate SPs from the ecosystem; these include photocatalysis, sonochemical techniques, nanoremediation, and bioremediation. SPs, which can be organic or inorganic, can be degraded by microbial metabolism at contaminated sites. Owing to their diverse metabolisms, microbes can adapt to a wide variety of environments. Several microbial strains have been reported for their bioremediation potential concerning synthetic chemical compounds. The selection of potential strains for large-scale removal of organic pollutants is an important research priority. Additionally, novel microbial consortia have been found to be capable of efficient degradation owing to their combined and co-metabolic activities. Microbial engineering is one of the most prominent and promising techniques for providing new opportunities to develop proficient microorganisms for various biological processes; here, we have targeted the SP-degrading mechanisms of microorganisms. This review provides an in-depth discussion of microbial engineering techniques that are used to enhance the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from different contaminated environments and under different conditions. The degradation of these pollutants is investigated using abiotic and biotic approaches; interestingly, biotic approaches based on microbial methods are preferable owing to their high potential for pollutant removal and cost-effectiveness.
由于其在全球范围内的广泛应用，环境受到了合成污染物的污染。因此，从环境中去除合成污染物（SPs）受到了广泛关注。不同的修复技术因其从生态系统中消除 SPs 的能力而被研究；这些技术包括光催化、声化学技术、纳米修复和生物修复。SPs 可以是有机的或无机的，可以通过微生物在污染场所的新陈代谢进行降解。由于微生物具有不同的新陈代谢方式，它们可以适应广泛的环境。已经报道了几种微生物菌株具有针对合成化学化合物的生物修复潜力。选择具有大规模去除有机污染物潜力的潜在菌株是一个重要的研究重点。此外，由于其联合和共代谢活性，新型微生物群落被发现能够有效地进行降解。微生物工程是最突出和最有前途的技术之一，为开发用于各种生物过程的高效微生物提供了新的机会；在这里，我们针对微生物的 SP 降解机制。本综述深入讨论了用于增强从不同污染环境和不同条件下去除有机和无机污染物的微生物工程技术。使用非生物和生物方法研究了这些污染物的降解；有趣的是，基于微生物方法的生物方法由于其具有很高的去除污染物的潜力和成本效益而更可取。
