Jun-Fei L I, Xiao-Lin Jiao, Yan-Meng B I, Hui-Hui Shao, Xi-Mei Zhang, Wei-Wei Gao
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Oct;45(19):4598-4605. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190725.101.
The soil fertility quality is one of the most critical indicators of soil productivity. It directly affects the yield, quality and agricultural efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials. In order to establish the American ginseng planting soil fertility quality evaluation method based on the effective components of American ginseng, Wendeng district, Weihai city, Shandong province, the main producing area of American ginseng, was cited as a case for the study. Twenty-two 4-years American ginseng sampling sites are located at 7 towns. The samples of soil and plant root were collected in the autumn of 2017-2019. The saponin contents of American ginseng and 11 soil chemical properties were measured. The minimum data set(MDS) for assessment of the quality of soil fertility quality was established by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The evaluation indexes were normalized by membership function. Soil quality index(SQI) that indicates soil comprehensive fertility quality level was calculated according to the critical value of membership function and weight value of each soil index in MDS. The results showed that the total saponin(Rg_1+Re+Rb_1) content of American ginseng in samples ranged from 1.76% to 7.94%. The yield of 8 plots in 2019 ranged from 3 818.7 kg·hm(-2) to 8 996.4 kg·hm(-2). MDS includes organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, effective iron, effective copper, and effective zinc. Based on the mean of 4.825% of total saponin, threshold value of SQI for the region was determined to be 0.15, and 86.36% of soil samples in the county were above the threshold value. The methods and parameters are applicable to selection of high quality American ginseng planting sites and guiding rational fertilization. It also provides a reference for the evaluation of soil fertility quality of other medicinal plants.
土壤肥力质量是土壤生产力的关键指标之一。它直接影响中药材的产量、品质和农业效益。为建立基于西洋参有效成分的西洋参种植土壤肥力质量评价方法，以西洋参主产区山东省威海市文登区为例进行研究。22个4年生西洋参采样点分布在7个镇。于2017 - 2019年秋季采集土壤和植物根系样品。测定了西洋参的皂苷含量和11项土壤化学性质。通过相关性分析和主成分分析建立了评价土壤肥力质量的最小数据集（MDS）。采用隶属函数对评价指标进行归一化处理。根据隶属函数临界值和MDS中各土壤指标权重值计算出表征土壤综合肥力质量水平的土壤质量指数（SQI）。结果表明，样品中西洋参总皂苷（Rg_1 + Re + Rb_1）含量在1.76%至7.94%之间。2019年8个样地的产量在3 818.7 kg·hm(-2)至8 996.4 kg·hm(-2)之间。MDS包括有机质、碱解氮、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效铜和有效锌。基于总皂苷平均含量4.825%，确定该地区SQI阈值为0.15，该县86.36%的土壤样品高于阈值。该方法和参数适用于优质西洋参种植地的选择及指导合理施肥。也为其他药用植物土壤肥力质量评价提供了参考。
