CRCHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Elife. 2020 Nov 9;9:e61390. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61390.
Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, COPD, and smoking status. Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. Early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Here, we provide a critical summary of the current knowledge highlighting the limitations and remaining gaps that need to be addressed to fully characterize ACE2 function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated pathogenesis. We also discuss ACE2 expression and potential role in the context of comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential co-receptors/attachment factors such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate and sialic acids and the putative alternative receptors, such as CD147 and GRP78.
新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）引发的冠状病毒 19 病（COVID-19），在 70 岁以上人群、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、心血管疾病、COPD 和吸烟人群中，表现出很大的谱，且具有致命结局。对进入受体的了解是理解 SARS-CoV-2 亲嗜性、传播和发病机制的关键。早期证据表明血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）是 SARS-CoV-2 的进入受体。在这里，我们提供了一个批判性的总结，强调了需要解决的局限性和剩余差距，以充分描述 ACE2 在 SARS-CoV-2 感染和相关发病机制中的功能。我们还讨论了 ACE2 表达和在与 COVID-19 不良结局相关的合并症中的潜在作用。最后，我们讨论了潜在的共受体/附着因子，如神经纤毛蛋白、硫酸乙酰肝素和唾液酸，以及假定的替代受体，如 CD147 和 GRP78。
