Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF) at the Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 9;15(11):e0241856. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241856. eCollection 2020.
The overlap/distinctiveness between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been increasingly investigated in recent years, particularly since the DSM-5 allows the dual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Although both disorders are associated with brain volumetric abnormalities, it is necessary to unfold the shared and specific volume abnormalities that could contribute to explain the similarities and differences in the clinical and neurocognitive profiles between ADHD and ASD. In this voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study, regional grey matter volumes (GMV) were compared between 22 children with ADHD, 18 children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) children aged 8 to 12 years old, controlling for age and total intracranial volume. When compared to TD children or children with ASD, children with ADHD had a larger left precuneus, and a smaller right thalamus, suggesting that these brain abnormalities are specific to ADHD relative to ASD. Overall, this study contributes to the delineation of disorder-specific structural abnormalities in ADHD and ASD.
近年来，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）之间的重叠/独特性越来越受到关注，特别是自 DSM-5 允许 ASD 和 ADHD 的双重诊断以来，但潜在的大脑机制仍不清楚。虽然这两种疾病都与脑体积异常有关，但有必要揭示共同和特定的体积异常，这可能有助于解释 ADHD 和 ASD 之间的临床和神经认知特征的相似性和差异性。在这项基于体素的形态测量学（VBM）研究中，比较了 22 名 ADHD 儿童、18 名 ASD 儿童和 17 名 8 至 12 岁的典型发育（TD）儿童之间的区域灰质体积（GMV），控制年龄和总颅内体积。与 TD 儿童或 ASD 儿童相比，ADHD 儿童的左侧楔前叶较大，右侧丘脑较小，表明这些大脑异常与 ASD 相比是 ADHD 特有的。总的来说，这项研究有助于描绘 ADHD 和 ASD 中特定于疾病的结构异常。
