A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, UK.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 5;25(21):5145. doi: 10.3390/molecules25215145.
Calixarenes and related macrocycles have been shown to have antimicrobial effects since the 1950s. This review highlights the antimicrobial properties of almost 200 calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and pillararenes acting as prodrugs, drug delivery agents, and inhibitors of biofilm formation. A particularly important development in recent years has been the use of macrocycles with substituents terminating in sugars as biofilm inhibitors through their interactions with lectins. Although many examples exist where calixarenes encapsulate, or incorporate, antimicrobial drugs, one of the main factors to emerge is the ability of functionalized macrocycles to engage in multivalent interactions with proteins, and thus inhibit cellular aggregation.
冠醚和相关的大环化合物自 20 世纪 50 年代以来就被证明具有抗菌作用。这篇综述强调了近 200 种杯芳烃、杯[4]芳烃和杯[6]芳烃作为前药、药物传递剂和生物膜形成抑制剂的抗菌特性。近年来一个特别重要的发展是使用在糖末端带有取代基的大环作为生物膜抑制剂，通过它们与凝集素的相互作用。虽然存在许多杯芳烃包裹或包含抗菌药物的例子，但出现的一个主要因素是功能化大环与蛋白质进行多价相互作用的能力，从而抑制细胞聚集。
