Omersel Jasna, Karas Kuželički Nataša
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):3561. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113561.
Precision medicine approaches based on pharmacogenomics are now being successfully implemented to enable physicians to predict more efficient treatments and prevention strategies for a given disease based on the genetic background of the patient. This approach has already been proposed for vaccines, but research is lagging behind the needs of society, and precision medicine is far from being implemented here. While vaccinomics concerns the effectiveness of vaccines, adversomics concerns their side effects. This area has great potential to address public concerns about vaccine safety and to promote increased public confidence, higher vaccination rates, and fewer serious adverse events in genetically predisposed individuals. The aim here is to explore the contemporary scientific literature related to the vaccinomic and adversomic aspects of the three most-controversial vaccines: those against hepatitis B, against measles, mumps, and rubella, and against human Papilloma virus. We provide detailed information on the genes that encode human leukocyte antigen, cytokines and their receptors, and transcription factors and regulators associated with the efficacy and safety of the Hepatitis B and Measles, Mumps and Rubella virus vaccines. We also investigate the future prospects of vaccinomics and adversomics of a COVID-19 vaccine, which might represent the fastest development of a vaccine ever.
基于药物基因组学的精准医学方法目前正在成功实施，使医生能够根据患者的基因背景预测针对特定疾病更有效的治疗和预防策略。这种方法已被应用于疫苗领域，但研究仍落后于社会需求，精准医学在此领域远未得到实施。疫苗组学关注疫苗的有效性，而药物不良反应组学关注其副作用。该领域在解决公众对疫苗安全性的担忧、提高公众信心、提高疫苗接种率以及减少遗传易感性个体中的严重不良事件方面具有巨大潜力。本文旨在探讨与三种最具争议性疫苗（乙肝疫苗、麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗以及人乳头瘤病毒疫苗）的疫苗组学和药物不良反应组学相关的当代科学文献。我们提供了有关编码人类白细胞抗原、细胞因子及其受体以及与乙肝疫苗和麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹病毒疫苗的疗效和安全性相关的转录因子和调节因子的基因的详细信息。我们还研究了新冠疫苗的疫苗组学和药物不良反应组学的未来前景，新冠疫苗可能代表了有史以来疫苗研发速度最快的情况。
