Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Evergreen World Healthcare Center, Garden Grove, CA 92844, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 5;21(21):8302. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218302.
This short overview focuses on the causation and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emphasis is given to the historical basis of understanding this disease and the background leading to emergence of the central role of insulin. The strengths of insulin administration in the treatment of diabetes are profound, but these need to be balanced against several serious shortcomings of its extended use. Some alternative approaches to T2D management are considered. Insulin is no longer considered as the first choice for type 2 diabetes, and an expanding range of new therapeutic possibilities is emerging. While these may lack the potency of insulin, at a minimum, they allow a major reduction in the intensity of insulin use. In view of the rising worldwide incidence of this disease, it is imperative to develop safe and inexpensive means of limiting its potential for impairment of normal functioning.
本文简要概述了 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的病因和治疗方法。重点介绍了人们对这种疾病认识的历史基础，以及促使胰岛素发挥核心作用的背景。胰岛素在糖尿病治疗中的应用具有深远的意义，但也需要平衡其广泛应用的一些严重缺陷。本文还考虑了一些 T2D 管理的替代方法。胰岛素不再被视为 2 型糖尿病的首选治疗方法，而且新的治疗可能性正在不断涌现。虽然这些方法可能不如胰岛素有效，但至少可以大大减少胰岛素的使用强度。鉴于这种疾病在全球范围内的发病率不断上升，必须开发安全且廉价的方法来限制其对正常功能的损害。
