基于 2016-18 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查数据，探讨糖尿病知晓者和未知晓者的健康行为和营养素摄入状况的差异：一项横断面研究。
Differences in health behavior and nutrient intake status between diabetes-aware and unaware Korean adults based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016-18 data: A cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 3;10:1005369. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1005369. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional intakes and treatment regimens of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes who were aware of their condition.
METHODS
Participants ( = 16582) aged ≥ 19 years from the 2016-18 National Health and Nutrition Survey were divided into diabetes-aware and unaware groups and the variables were compared.
RESULTS
Among 1,906 (11.5%) diabetic adults, 1,433 (75.2%) were aware of their condition; 130 (9.1%) had nutrition education, and 1,340 (93.5%) were in the diabetes-aware treatment group. The diabetes-aware group had higher average age ( < 0.0001) and lower average BMI ( = 0.0015) than the unaware group. Intake of total fat ( = 0.0034), saturated fatty acids ( = 0.0021), riboflavin ( = 0.0035) and niacin ( = 0.0228) was significantly higher in the unaware group than in the diabetes-aware group, after adjusting energy intake for age and sex. Current smoking ( = 0.0046) and heavy drinking ( < 0.0001) rates were higher in the unaware group, whereas fiber intake ( = 0.0054) was lower in the unaware group. Higher levels of glycated hemoglobin were found in the group treated for diabetes (7.2%) than in the no-treatment (6.8%) group ( = 0.0048). Diabetes control was significantly better in the high income group.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to strengthen nutritional education to prevent diabetes and improve the health status of diabetic patients in Korea.
背景
本研究旨在调查知晓自身病情的韩国 2 型糖尿病患者的营养摄入和治疗方案。
方法
将 2016-18 年全国健康与营养调查中年龄≥19 岁的参与者（n=16582）分为知晓糖尿病和不知晓糖尿病两组，并对两组变量进行比较。
结果
在 1906 名（11.5%）成年糖尿病患者中，1433 名（75.2%）知晓自身病情；130 名（9.1%）接受了营养教育，1340 名（93.5%）处于知晓糖尿病治疗组。与不知晓组相比，知晓组的平均年龄更高（<0.0001），平均 BMI 更低（=0.0015）。在调整年龄和性别后的能量摄入后，不知晓组的总脂肪（=0.0034）、饱和脂肪酸（=0.0021）、核黄素（=0.0035）和烟酸（=0.0228）的摄入量明显更高。不知晓组的现吸烟率（=0.0046）和重度饮酒率（<0.0001）更高，而膳食纤维摄入量（=0.0054）较低。接受糖尿病治疗组的糖化血红蛋白水平（7.2%）高于未治疗组（6.8%）（=0.0048）。高收入组的糖尿病控制情况明显更好。
结论
韩国需要加强营养教育，以预防糖尿病并改善糖尿病患者的健康状况。
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