Uchida Kenta, Blakey Rachel V, Burger Joseph R, Cooper Daniel S, Niesner Chase A, Blumstein Daniel T
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA; La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2021 Feb;36(2):123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
Many ecological and evolutionary processes are affected by urbanization, but cities vary by orders of magnitude in their human population size and areal extent. To quantify and manage urban biodiversity, one must understand both how biodiversity scales with city size, and how ecological, evolutionary, and socioeconomic drivers of biodiversity scale with city size. We show how environmental abiotic and biotic drivers, as well as human cultural and socioeconomic drivers, may act through ecological and evolutionary processes differently, at different scales, to influence patterns in urban biodiversity. Because relationships likely take linear and nonlinear forms, the need to describe the specific scaling relationships is highlighted, including deviations and potential inflection points, where different management strategies may successfully conserve urban biodiversity.
许多生态和进化过程都受到城市化的影响，但城市在人口规模和面积范围上存在数量级差异。为了量化和管理城市生物多样性，人们必须了解生物多样性如何随城市规模变化，以及生物多样性的生态、进化和社会经济驱动因素如何随城市规模变化。我们展示了环境非生物和生物驱动因素，以及人类文化和社会经济驱动因素，如何在不同尺度上通过不同的生态和进化过程，对城市生物多样性模式产生影响。由于这些关系可能呈现线性和非线性形式，因此强调了描述特定尺度关系的必要性，包括偏差和潜在的拐点，在这些点上不同的管理策略可能成功保护城市生物多样性。
