Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, USA; Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, CZ 165 00, Czechia.
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, USA.
Vaccine. 2020 Dec 3;38(51):8121-8129. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.087. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Tick-borne diseases pose a global medical problem. As transmission of tick-borne pathogens to their hosts occurs during tick feeding, development of vaccines thwarting this process could potentially prevent transmission of multiple tick-borne pathogens. The idea of tick vaccines is based on the phenomenon of acquired tick immunity, rejection of ticks feeding on hosts which were repeatedly infested by ticks. Recently, we demonstrated that saliva of the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis, which is the main vector of tick-borne pathogens in northeast USA, is sufficient for induction of tick immunity in the guinea pig model and that immunity directed against tick glycoproteins is important in this phenomenon. Nevertheless, immunity elicited against individual tick salivary antigens, which have been identified and tested so far, provided only modest tick rejection. We therefore now tested fractions of tick saliva produced by liquid chromatography for their ability to induce tick immunity in the guinea pig model. Immunization with all individual fractions elicited antibodies that reacted with tick saliva, however only some fractions displayed the ability to induce robust protective tick immunity. Mass spectrometry analysis led to identification of 24 proteins present only in saliva fractions which were able to induce tick immunity, suggesting suitable candidates for development of a tick vaccine.
蜱传疾病构成全球性医学难题。由于蜱在吸血过程中传播蜱传病原体，因此开发阻止这一过程的疫苗可能会阻止多种蜱传病原体的传播。蜱疫苗的理念基于获得性蜱免疫现象，即拒绝反复被蜱叮咬的宿主身上的蜱吸血。最近，我们证明了黑腿蜱（Ixodes scapularis）的唾液足以在豚鼠模型中诱导蜱免疫，而针对蜱糖蛋白的免疫在这一现象中很重要。然而，迄今为止已鉴定和测试的针对个别蜱唾液抗原的免疫仅提供了适度的蜱排斥。因此，我们现在测试了通过液相色谱法产生的蜱唾液的各个部分在豚鼠模型中诱导蜱免疫的能力。用所有单独部分进行免疫接种会引起与蜱唾液反应的抗体，但只有一些部分显示出诱导强大保护性蜱免疫的能力。质谱分析导致鉴定出仅存在于能够诱导蜱免疫的唾液部分中的 24 种蛋白质，这表明它们可能成为蜱疫苗的合适候选物。
