Kitsou Chrysoula, Fikrig Erol, Pal Utpal
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2021 Jul;42(7):554-574. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.005. Epub 2021 May 30.
Ticks have an unparalleled ability to parasitize diverse land vertebrates. Their natural persistence and vector competence are supported by the evolution of sophisticated hematophagy and remarkable host immune-evasion activities. We analyze the immunomodulatory roles of tick saliva which facilitates their acquisition of a blood meal from natural hosts and allows pathogen transmission. We also discuss the contrasting immunological events of tick-host associations in non-reservoir or incidental hosts, in which the development of acquired tick resistance can deter tick attachment. A critical appraisal of the intricate immunobiology of tick-host associations can plant new seeds of innovative research and contribute to the development of novel preventive strategies against ticks and tick-transmitted infections.
蜱虫具有寄生多种陆地脊椎动物的无与伦比的能力。其复杂的吸血习性和卓越的宿主免疫逃避活动的进化，支持了它们在自然界中的生存以及作为病原体传播媒介的能力。我们分析了蜱虫唾液的免疫调节作用，这种作用有助于它们从天然宿主获取血液，并使得病原体得以传播。我们还讨论了在非储存宿主或偶然宿主中蜱虫与宿主关联时截然不同的免疫事件，在这些宿主中，后天获得的抗蜱能力的发展会阻止蜱虫附着。对蜱虫与宿主关联的复杂免疫生物学进行批判性评估，能够播下创新研究的新种子，并有助于开发针对蜱虫及蜱传感染的新型预防策略。
