Department of Nursing, Teda health Science College, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 10;15(11):e0241961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241961. eCollection 2020.
Breast cancer is common global public health problem. It is the principal cause of cancer related death. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding prevalence and associated factors of BSE among female healthcare workers have been inconsistently reported and highly variable. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination practice and determinants in Ethiopia.
A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, CINAHL and Scopus from April 2, 2020 to April 24, 2020. Data were extracted from articles included in the review using a data extraction tool which was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute. the quality of each included article was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data analysis was done using STATA 11. The Cochrane Q and I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies; and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. A random effects meta-analysis was computed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination. The determinants for breast self-examination were examined. Forest plots were used to present the prevalence and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
After reviewing 9605 studies, 12 studies involving 4129 female healthcare workers were included for this review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of breast self-examination practice among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 56.31% (95% CI: 44.37, 68.25). The subgroup analysis further revealed that the higher breast self-examination practice was observed among other healthcare workers, 58.60% (95% CI: 43.31, 73.90). Good knowledge (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.24, 7.35), positive attitude (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.95, 4.13) and family history of breast cancer (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.22, 6.52) were significantly associated with breast self-examination practice among healthcare workers.
This meta-analysis found that nearly half of the female healthcare workers were not performed breast self-examination. The finding of this study suggests the need of strengthening early diagnosis of breast cancer and control strategies with a collaborative effort of policymakers and other concerned stakeholders.
乳腺癌是全球普遍存在的公共卫生问题，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在埃塞俄比亚，有关女性医护人员进行乳房自我检查的流行率及相关因素的研究结果一直存在不一致且差异较大。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定埃塞俄比亚乳房自我检查实践的综合流行率及其决定因素。
系统检索了 2020 年 4 月 2 日至 4 月 24 日期间的 PubMed、Medline、EMBASE、全球卫生、Google Scholar、CINAHL 和 Scopus 中的数据。使用从审查中纳入的文章改编的数据提取工具提取文章中的数据。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入文章的质量。使用 STATA 11 进行数据分析。使用 Cochrane Q 和 I²检验评估研究之间的异质性；使用漏斗图和 Egger 检验评估发表偏倚。使用随机效应荟萃分析计算乳房自我检查的综合流行率。检查乳房自我检查的决定因素。森林图用于呈现流行率和 95%置信区间的比值比。
在审查了 9605 项研究后，纳入了 12 项涉及 4129 名女性医护人员的研究进行本次综述和荟萃分析。埃塞俄比亚医护人员进行乳房自我检查的综合流行率为 56.31%（95%CI：44.37，68.25）。进一步的亚组分析显示，其他医护人员的乳房自我检查实践率较高，为 58.60%（95%CI：43.31，73.90）。良好的知识（AOR=3.02；95%CI：1.24，7.35）、积极的态度（AOR=2.73；95%CI：1.95，4.13）和乳腺癌家族史（AOR=3.21；95%CI：1.22，6.52）与医护人员进行乳房自我检查显著相关。
本次荟萃分析发现，近一半的女性医护人员未进行乳房自我检查。本研究的结果表明，需要加强政策制定者和其他利益相关者共同努力，制定早期诊断乳腺癌和控制策略。
