探究伊朗北部女性乳房自我检查的计划行为及其预测因素。

Exploring the planned behavior of breast self-examination and its predictors among women in Northern Iran.

作者信息

Adib-Rad Hajar, Cheraghalizadeh Halimeh, Pasha Hajar, Chehrazi Mohamad, Nasiri-Amiri Fatemeh, Omidvar Shabnam

机构信息

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 Sep 2;25(1):3018. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24280-0.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24280-0

PMID:40898118

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12403317/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. This study aimed to explore the planned behavior of breast self-examination (BSE) and its predictors among women in Northern Iran.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 women in Babol, Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Data were collected using BSE barriers, knowledge and practice of BSE, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a linear regression model and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

The mean TPB construct score was 53.2 ± 3.9. The majority of women did not perform the BSE correctly (91.2%), and over half of the women lacked knowledge about BC and timely detection methods (54.6%). There was a significant positive correlation between attitude and "Do not know how to do it" (r = 0.160, P = 0.01), and a negative correlation with the marriage age (r = -0.210, P = 0.001), while a significant negative correlation was found between behavioral intention and ''fear of biopsy'' as a barrier (r = -0.130, P = 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the perceived behavioral control and ''Fear of feeling pain during examination'' as a barrier (r = 0.130, P = 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the lack of training by health care providers (β = 0.16, P = 0.02) and being afraid of finding a lump in the breast (β = 0.13, P = 0.04) were positive predictors of TPB. Conversely, marriage age (β = -0.13, P = 0.049) and attitude toward BSE (β = -0.19, P = 0.005) were negative predictors of TPB construct. Additionally, "fear of feeling pain during examination" positively predicted perceived behavioral control (β = 0.13, P = 0.05). Notably, the results showed BSE practice was able to positively predict behavior (β = 0.94, P = 0.0001). Knowledge was positively associated with "afraid of finding a lump in the breast" (β = 0.13, P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Low levels of knowledge about BC, BSE, symptoms, and risk factors point to the need for targeted planned behavior-based interventions.

摘要

背景

乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性中最常被诊断出的癌症。本研究旨在探讨伊朗北部女性乳房自我检查（BSE）的计划行为及其预测因素。

方法

2020年至2022年期间，在伊朗巴博勒对240名女性进行了一项横断面研究。使用BSE障碍、BSE知识与实践以及计划行为理论（TPB）问卷收集数据。使用线性回归模型和Pearson相关系数对数据进行分析。

结果

TPB结构的平均得分是53.2±3.9。大多数女性没有正确进行BSE（91.2%），超过一半的女性缺乏关于BC和及时检测方法的知识（54.6%）。态度与“不知道如何做”之间存在显著正相关（r = 0.160，P = 0.01），与结婚年龄呈负相关（r = -0.210，P = 0.001），而行为意向与作为障碍的“害怕活检”之间存在显著负相关（r = -0.130，P = 0.05）。此外，感知行为控制与作为障碍的“检查时害怕疼痛”之间存在显著正相关（r = 0.130，P = 0.04）。多元线性回归分析显示，医疗保健提供者缺乏培训（β = 0.16，P = 0.02）和害怕在乳房中发现肿块（β = 0.13，P = 0.04）是TPB的正向预测因素。相反，结婚年龄（β = -0.13，P = 0.049）和对BSE的态度（β = -0.19，P = 0.005）是TPB结构的负向预测因素。此外，“检查时害怕疼痛”正向预测了感知行为控制（β = 0.13，P = 0.05）。值得注意的是，结果显示BSE实践能够正向预测行为（β = 0.94，P = 0.0001）。知识与“害怕在乳房中发现肿块”呈正相关（β = 0.13，P = 0.04）。