Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Feb;68:72-82. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.10.012. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Metabolism regulates an array of cellular processes from embryonic development through adulthood. These include proliferation, differentiation and the effector functions of adult cells to maintain homeostasis and repair. It is becoming clear that bioenergetic shifts can control how cells respond to environmental disruptions during tissue injury to initiate a healing response. Specifically, innate immune cells shift their phenotypes to initiate and resolve inflammation, and there is intense interest to understand how these responses might regulate healing outcomes. Here, we review recent literature describing how cellular metabolism and metabolic byproducts regulate phenotype conversions among innate immune cells. Although most studies of this kind do not focus on tissue damage, we discuss how metabolic regulation of these phenotypes promotes tissue repair. In particular, we provide a framework for considering the extent to which altering the innate immune response might shift fibrotic repair towards regenerative healing.
代谢调节从胚胎发育到成年的一系列细胞过程。这些过程包括增殖、分化和成年细胞的效应功能，以维持体内平衡和修复。现在越来越清楚的是，生物能量的转变可以控制细胞在组织损伤过程中对环境干扰的反应，从而启动修复反应。具体来说，先天免疫细胞改变其表型以启动和解决炎症，人们强烈希望了解这些反应如何调节愈合结果。在这里，我们回顾了最近的文献，描述了细胞代谢和代谢副产物如何调节先天免疫细胞之间的表型转化。尽管这类研究中的大多数都不关注组织损伤，但我们讨论了代谢调节这些表型如何促进组织修复。特别是，我们提供了一个框架来考虑改变先天免疫反应在多大程度上可以将纤维化修复转变为再生性愈合。
