First Report of Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt.

species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% ) and 32.47% (). isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of (81.08%) and (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of -bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.