Vázquez José Antonio, Fraguas Javier, González Pío, Serra Julia, Valcarcel Jesus
Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo, 36208 Galicia, Spain.
New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, IISGS, MTI, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Nov 6;12(11):2613. doi: 10.3390/polym12112613.
The industrial filleting of blue shark () led to the generation of a large number of central skeletons of low interest to fishmeal plants handling such wastes. In this context, the present study describes the optimization of the hydrolysis process (pH 8.35, T 58 °C, 1% () of alcalase and t = 4 h) to produce chondroitin sulfate (CS) together with the recovery of bioapatites. Then, that hydrolysate was chemically treated with an optimal alkaline-hydroalcoholic-saline solution (0.48 M of NaOH, 1.07 volumes of EtOH and 2.5 g/L of NaCl) and finally purified by ultrafiltration-diafiltration (30 kDa) to obtain glycosaminoglycan with a purity of 97% and a productive yield of 2.8% (/ of skeleton). The size of the biopolymer (CS) was of 58 kDa with prevalence of 6S-GalNAc sulfation (4S/6S ratio of 0.25), 12% of GlcA 2S-GalNAc 6S and 6% of non-sulfated disaccharides. Crude bioapatites were purified by pyrolysis and FT-Raman and XRD techniques confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite [Ca(PO)(OH)], with a molar mass of 502.3 g/mol, embedded in the organic matrix of the skeleton. The mineralized tissues of blue shark are promising marine sources for the extraction of high value biomaterials with clinical application in bone and tissue regeneration and are still completely unexplored.
蓝鲨（）的工业化去骨加工产生了大量对处理此类废弃物的鱼粉厂来说兴趣不大的中央骨骼。在此背景下，本研究描述了水解过程（pH 8.35、温度58℃、1%（）的碱性蛋白酶和时间t = 4小时）的优化，以生产硫酸软骨素（CS）并回收生物磷灰石。然后，用最佳的碱性 - 氢醇盐溶液（0.48 M的NaOH、1.07体积的乙醇和2.5 g/L的NaCl）对该水解产物进行化学处理，最后通过超滤 - 渗滤（30 kDa）进行纯化，以获得纯度为97%、生产产率为2.8%（/骨骼）的糖胺聚糖。生物聚合物（CS）的大小为58 kDa，6S - GalNAc硫酸化占优势（4S/6S比率为0.25），12%的GlcA 2S - GalNAc 6S和6%的非硫酸化二糖。粗生物磷灰石通过热解进行纯化，傅里叶变换拉曼光谱和X射线衍射技术证实了存在嵌入骨骼有机基质中的羟基磷灰石[Ca(PO)(OH)]，其摩尔质量为502.3 g/mol。蓝鲨的矿化组织是提取具有骨和组织再生临床应用价值的高价值生物材料的有前景的海洋来源，且仍完全未被探索。
