Böttcher Fabian, Schmidt Jan-Niklas, Hertkorn Jens, Ng Kevin S H, Graham Sean D, Guo Mingyang, Langen Tim, Pfau Tilman
Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Rep Prog Phys. 2021 Jan;84(1):012403. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/abc9ab.
Quantum fluctuations can stabilize Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) against the mean-field collapse. Stabilization of the condensate has been observed in quantum degenerate Bose-Bose mixtures and dipolar BECs. The fine-tuning of the interatomic interactions can lead to the emergence of two new states of matter: liquid-like self-bound quantum droplets and supersolid crystals formed from these droplets. We review the properties of these exotic states of matter and summarize the experimental progress made using dipolar quantum gases and Bose-Bose mixtures. We conclude with an outline of important open questions that could be addressed in the future.
量子涨落可以使玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）稳定，防止其因平均场作用而坍缩。在量子简并的玻色-玻色混合物和偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中，已经观察到凝聚体的这种稳定现象。原子间相互作用的微调可以导致两种新的物质状态出现：类似液体的自束缚量子液滴以及由这些液滴形成的超固体晶体。我们回顾了这些奇异物质状态的性质，并总结了利用偶极量子气体和玻色-玻色混合物所取得的实验进展。最后，我们概述了一些未来可能会解决的重要开放性问题。
