Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.
Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 15;11:565746. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565746. eCollection 2020.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) in research institutions may be housed in a variety of social settings, such as group housing, pair housing or single housing based on the needs of studies. Furthermore, housing may change over the course of studies. The effects of housing and changes in housing on cell activation and vaccine mediated immune responses are not well documented. We hypothesized that animals moved indoors from group to single housing (GH-SH) would experience more stress than those separated from groups into pair housing (GH-PH), or those placed briefly into pair housing and separated 5 weeks later into single housing (GH-PH-SH). We also compared the effects of separation from group to pair housing with the separation from pair to single housing. Eighteen male rhesus macaques were followed over the course of changes in housing condition over 10-14 weeks, as well as prior to and after primary vaccination with a commercially available measles vaccine. We identified two phenotypic biomarkers, namely total CD8 population and proliferating B cells, that differed significantly across treatment groups over time. At 10 weeks post-separation, levels of proliferating B cells were higher in GH-SH subjects compared to GH-PH subjects, and in the latter, levels were lower at 10 weeks than prior to removal from group housing. At 2 weeks post-separation from group to single housing, the frequency of CD8+ T cells was higher in GH-SH subjects compared to one week post separation from pair into single housing in the GH-PH-SH subjects. Comparing the same elapsed time since the most recent separation activated CD20 populations were persistently higher in the GH-SH animals than the GH-PH-SH animals. Housing configuration did not influence vaccine-mediated responses. Overall, our study found benefits of pair housing over single housing, suggesting that perturbations in immune function will be more severe following separation from group to single housing than from pair to single housing, and supporting the use of short-duration pair housing even when animals must subsequently be separated. These findings are useful for planning the housing configurations of research NHPs used for vaccine studies and other studies where immune response is being assessed.
非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）在研究机构中可以根据研究需要被安置在各种社会环境中，如群体饲养、对养或单独饲养。此外，饲养方式可能会在研究过程中发生变化。饲养方式和饲养方式变化对细胞激活和疫苗介导免疫反应的影响尚未得到很好的记录。我们假设，从群体饲养转移到单独饲养的动物（GH-SH）比那些被分离到对养的动物（GH-PH）或那些被短暂转移到对养并在 5 周后被分离到单独饲养的动物（GH-PH-SH）经历更多的压力。我们还比较了从群体饲养分离到对养与从对养分离到单独饲养的影响。18 只雄性恒河猴在 10-14 周的饲养条件变化过程中以及在使用市售麻疹疫苗进行初次接种前后被跟踪观察。我们确定了两个表型生物标志物，即总 CD8 群体和增殖 B 细胞，它们在不同的治疗组中随时间有显著差异。在分离后 10 周时，与 GH-PH 组相比，GH-SH 组的增殖 B 细胞水平更高，而在后者中，从群体饲养中分离出来 10 周后的水平比之前更低。在从群体到单独饲养的分离后 2 周时，与 GH-PH-SH 组相比，GH-SH 组的 CD8+T 细胞频率更高。比较从群体分离到单独饲养的同一时间间隔，GH-SH 动物的 CD20 群体激活后持续高于 GH-PH-SH 动物。饲养配置不影响疫苗介导的反应。总的来说，我们的研究发现对养比单独饲养更有优势，这表明与从对养分离到单独饲养相比，从群体分离到单独饲养对免疫功能的干扰更为严重，支持使用短期对养，即使动物随后必须被分离。这些发现对于规划用于疫苗研究和其他评估免疫反应的研究的研究用非人类灵长类动物的饲养配置很有用。
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