Louvieaux Julien, Spanoghe Martin, Hermans Christian
Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Laboratory of Applied Plant Ecophysiology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut Condorcet, Centre pour l'Agronomie et l'Agro-Industrie de la Province de Hainaut, Ath, Belgium.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Oct 15;11:568009. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568009. eCollection 2020.
The root system is responsible for soil resources acquisition. Hence, optimizing crop root characteristics has considerable implications for agricultural production. This study evaluated a panel of twenty-eight European modern cultivars of oilseed rape ( L.) cultivated in laboratory and field environments. Root morphology was screened using a high-throughput hydroponic growth system with two divergent nitrogen supplies. The panel showed an important diversity for biomass production and root morphological traits. Differences in root and shoot dry biomasses and lateral root length were mainly explained by the genotype, and differences in primary root length by nitrogen nutrition. The cultivars were tested in a pluriannual field trial. The field variation for yield and seed quality traits attributed to the genotype was more important than the year or the genotype × year interaction effects. The total root length measured at the seedling stage could predict the proportion of nitrogen taken up from the field and reallocated to seed organs, a component of the nitrogen use efficiency. The genetic interrelationship between cultivars, established with simple sequence repeat markers, indicated a very narrow genetic base. Positive correlations were found between the genetic distance measures, root morphological traits during nitrogen depletion and yield components. This study illustrates a root phenotyping screen in the laboratory with a proof of concept evaluation in the field. The results could assist future genetic improvements in oilseed rape for desirable root characteristics to reduce nutrient losses in the environment.
根系负责获取土壤资源。因此，优化作物根系特性对农业生产具有重要意义。本研究评估了一组在实验室和田间环境中种植的28个欧洲现代油菜（L.）品种。使用具有两种不同氮供应的高通量水培生长系统筛选根系形态。该组在生物量生产和根系形态特征方面表现出重要的多样性。根和地上部干生物量以及侧根长度的差异主要由基因型解释，而主根长度的差异由氮营养解释。这些品种在多年的田间试验中进行了测试。归因于基因型的产量和种子质量性状的田间变异比年份或基因型×年份互作效应更重要。在幼苗期测量的总根长可以预测从田间吸收并重新分配到种子器官的氮的比例，这是氮利用效率的一个组成部分。用简单序列重复标记建立的品种间遗传关系表明遗传基础非常狭窄。在遗传距离测量、氮素亏缺期间的根系形态特征和产量构成因素之间发现了正相关。本研究说明了在实验室中进行根系表型筛选并在田间进行概念验证评估。研究结果可为未来油菜根系特性的遗传改良提供帮助，以减少环境中的养分流失。
