Sabarimurugan Shanthi, Dharmarajan Arun, Warrier Sudha, Subramanian Maheswari, Swaminathan Rajarajan
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
CHIRI, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Ann Transl Med. 2020 Oct;8(19):1247. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4071.
The recent seemingly uncontrollable pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been able to spread quickly due to the non-availability of effective antivirals or vaccines. The virus has structural and non-structural proteins that are considered as possible targets. Receptor recognition is the critical determinant and preliminary phase of viral infection to enter the host cell and causes tissue tropism. We have conducted a comprehensive review of relevant publication on , , and clinical evaluation of drug candidates ranging from broad-spectrum antivirals to natural molecules targeted towards viral spike protein in addition to evaluate their suitability as therapies based on an analysis of the similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. In general, antiviral targets are based on two strategies, either targeting the host or the host's immune cell. We have reviewed the available details on the SARS-CoV-2 strain's host-viral binding sites entry mechanism, alongside recently tested effective antivirals. The hypothesis of this review may provide clear insight for researchers and physicians who are struggling to narrow down scientific options to control the current pandemic. Overall, we found that the promising efficacious drug candidates reported against SARS-CoV-1 could be considered for drug repurposing; this might help to identify a potential drug for therapeutic measures and development of vaccine for COVID-19.
由新型严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发的近期这场看似无法控制的大流行，由于缺乏有效的抗病毒药物或疫苗，得以迅速传播。该病毒具有结构蛋白和非结构蛋白，这些蛋白被视为可能的靶点。受体识别是病毒感染进入宿主细胞并导致组织嗜性的关键决定因素和初始阶段。我们对相关出版物进行了全面综述，内容涉及从广谱抗病毒药物到针对病毒刺突蛋白的天然分子等候选药物的 、 及临床评估，此外还基于对SARS-CoV-1和SARS-CoV-2之间相似性的分析，评估了它们作为治疗方法的适用性。一般来说，抗病毒靶点基于两种策略，要么针对宿主，要么针对宿主的免疫细胞。我们回顾了关于SARS-CoV-2毒株的宿主-病毒结合位点进入机制的现有详细信息，以及最近测试的有效抗病毒药物。本综述的假设可能为那些努力缩小科学选择范围以控制当前大流行的研究人员和医生提供清晰的见解。总体而言，我们发现针对SARS-CoV-1报道的有前景的有效候选药物可考虑用于药物再利用；这可能有助于确定一种潜在的治疗药物，并开发针对COVID-19的疫苗。
