Harmon Katherine J, Hancock Kari A, Waller Anna E, Sandt Laura S
Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020 Oct 12;21(sup1):S157-S161. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1829912. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
The objective of this study was to describe pedestrian demographic characteristics, crash characteristics, selected health outcomes, and injury patterns by age using linked North Carolina (NC) crash-emergency department (ED) visit data for the period October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2015.
This was a descriptive epidemiologic study. To examine both crash and health outcomes, NC pedestrian crash records were linked to statewide NC ED visit records using hierarchical deterministic methods. Pearson chi-square tests were used to compare the frequencies of pedestrians treated in NC EDs by sex, race/ethnicity, crash location, rurality, estimated driver speed at impact, ambient light, hospitalization/death, location of injury, and nature of injury, stratified by the following age groups: 0-14, 15-24, 25-64, and ≥65 years.
Most pedestrians treated in NC EDs were male (57.5%), except among adults ≥65 years old (47.5%). Over half of all injured pedestrians aged 0-14 (52.6%) and 15-24 (50.5%) years were Black/African American, and 70.8% of injured pedestrians ≥65 years were white. Among pedestrians aged 25-64 years, no single racial/ethnic group was the majority. Though most pedestrians were injured on trafficways (71.7%) and at speeds ≤35 mph (80.1%), adults ≥65 years were less likely to be involved in on-trafficway crashes (51.0%) and pedestrians aged 15-24 years were more likely to be involved in >35 mph crashes (22.9%) compared to other age groups. Most pedestrians were injured under daylight conditions (56.9%). Regarding selected health outcomes, the highest frequency of hospitalization/death was for pedestrians aged ≥65 years (26.3%), compared to those aged 0-14 years (18.8%) and 15-64 years (12.4%). In terms of location of injury, 0- to 14-year-olds had the highest proportion of head injuries (39.5%), and adults ≥65 years of age had the highest proportion of spinal column/vertebral column (12.6%) and upper extremity injuries (33.2%). For nature of injury, 0- to 14-year-olds had the highest proportion of traumatic brain injuries (11.4%) and superficial wounds and contusions (62.8%). Adults aged ≥65 years had the highest proportion of open wounds/amputations and fractures (16.1%). Adults aged 25-64 years had the highest proportion of strains/sprains/dislocations (18.7%).
There were considerable differences in demographic characteristics, crash characteristics, frequency of hospitalization/death, and injury patterns by age group. It is important to design streets and implement transportation policies and programs that improve safety for all pedestrians.
本研究的目的是利用2010年10月1日至2015年9月30日期间北卡罗来纳州（NC）车祸与急诊科（ED）就诊的关联数据，按年龄描述行人的人口统计学特征、车祸特征、选定的健康结局和损伤模式。
这是一项描述性流行病学研究。为了研究车祸和健康结局，使用分层确定性方法将北卡罗来纳州行人车祸记录与全州范围内的北卡罗来纳州急诊科就诊记录相链接。采用Pearson卡方检验，按以下年龄组分层，比较在北卡罗来纳州急诊科接受治疗的行人在性别、种族/族裔、车祸地点、农村地区、撞击时估计的驾驶员速度、环境光线、住院/死亡、损伤部位和损伤性质方面的频率：0 - 14岁、15 - 24岁、25 - 64岁和≥65岁。
在北卡罗来纳州急诊科接受治疗的大多数行人是男性（57.5%），65岁及以上的成年人除外（47.5%）。0 - 14岁（52.6%）和15 - 24岁（50.5%）的受伤行人中，超过一半是黑人/非裔美国人，65岁及以上的受伤行人中70.8%是白人。在25 - 64岁的行人中，没有一个种族/族裔群体占多数。尽管大多数行人在交通道路上受伤（71.7%）且速度≤35英里/小时（80.1%），但与其他年龄组相比，65岁及以上的成年人卷入交通道路车祸的可能性较小（51.0%），15 - 24岁的行人卷入速度>35英里/小时车祸的可能性较大（22.9%）。大多数行人在白天条件下受伤（56.9%）。关于选定的健康结局，65岁及以上行人的住院/死亡频率最高（26.3%），而0 - 14岁（18.8%）和15 - 64岁（12.4%）的行人相对较低。就损伤部位而言，0至14岁儿童头部受伤的比例最高（39.5%），65岁及以上成年人脊柱/脊椎（12.6%）和上肢受伤的比例最高（33.2%）。就损伤性质而言，0至14岁儿童创伤性脑损伤（11.4%）以及浅表伤口和挫伤（62.8%）的比例最高。65岁及以上成年人开放性伤口/截肢和骨折的比例最高（16.1%）。25 - 64岁成年人拉伤/扭伤/脱位的比例最高（18.7%）。
不同年龄组在人口统计学特征、车祸特征、住院/死亡频率和损伤模式方面存在相当大的差异。设计街道并实施改善所有行人安全的交通政策和计划非常重要。
