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英国和巴基斯坦年轻男性的男子气概信念和寻求帮助的意愿。

Masculinity beliefs and willingness to seek help among young men in the United Kingdom and Pakistan.

机构信息

School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.

Department of Psychology, Government MAO College, Lahore, Pakistan.

出版信息

Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jun;27(5):1052-1062. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1847301. Epub 2020 Nov 12.

Abstract

Health-related behaviors including help-seeking are related to men's felt and perceived masculinity. This study explored whether findings from studies of links between masculinity and health-related behavior in developed 'western' contexts applied in the more strongly patriarchal cultural context of Pakistan. Online questionnaires were completed by male university students aged 17-30: 307 in Pakistan and 105 in the United Kingdom. Analyses revealed that compared to British men, Pakistani respondents had less egalitarian beliefs about gender relations, gave more importance to their own masculinity, considered non-traditional behaviors to have greater negative implications for men's masculinity, and were less willing to seek help. Among Pakistani men, lower willingness to seek help for physical and mental health was predicted by having less egalitarian gender beliefs, giving greater importance to personal masculinity, and considering non-traditional behaviors to have greater negative implications for men's masculinity. Among British men, greater perceived masculinity of help seeking predicted help seeking for physical concerns, and less importance of personal masculinity predicted help seeking for mental health. The results highlight a need for sensitivity to men's gender identity concerns when providing and encouraging use of health care, and to be aware of how cultural norms shape individuals' beliefs and behavior.

摘要

健康相关行为,包括寻求帮助,与男性的主观感受和认知的男子气概有关。本研究探讨了在巴基斯坦这种更加强调父权制文化背景下,在发达的“西方”背景下研究男子气概与健康相关行为之间联系的发现是否适用。17-30 岁的男性大学生通过在线问卷完成了调查:巴基斯坦有 307 人,英国有 105 人。分析结果显示,与英国男性相比,巴基斯坦受访者对性别关系的平等信念较少,更重视自己的男子气概,认为非传统行为对男性男子气概有更大的负面影响,也不太愿意寻求帮助。在巴基斯坦男性中,对身体健康和心理健康寻求帮助的意愿较低,这与他们对性别平等的信念较弱、更重视个人男子气概以及认为非传统行为对男性男子气概有更大的负面影响有关。在英国男性中,对寻求帮助的男子气概的感知越强,越有可能因为身体问题而寻求帮助,而个人男子气概的重要性越低,就越有可能因为心理健康问题而寻求帮助。研究结果强调,在提供和鼓励使用医疗保健时,需要对男性的性别认同问题保持敏感,并意识到文化规范如何塑造个人的信仰和行为。

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