Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
Environment Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;262:128335. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128335. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
Azoles are considered as one of the most efficient fungicides for the treatment of humans, animals, and plant fungal pathogens. They are of significant clinical importance as antifungal drugs and are widely used in personal care products, ultraviolet stabilizers, and in aircraft for its anti-corrosive properties. The prevalence of azole compounds in the natural environment and its accumulation in fish raises questions about its impact on aquatic organisms.
The objective of this paper is to review the scientific studies on the effects of azole compounds in fish and to discuss future opportunities for the risk evaluation.
A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect to locate peer-reviewed scientific articles on occurrence, environmental fate, and toxicological impact of azole fungicides on fish.
Studies included in this review provide ample evidence that azole compounds are not only commonly detected in the natural environment but also cause several detrimental effects on fish. Future studies with environmentally relevant concentrations of azole alone or in combination with other commonly occurring contaminants in a multigenerational study could provide a better understanding.
Based on current knowledge and studies reporting adverse biological effects of azole on fish, considerable attention is required for better management and effective ecological risk assessment of these emerging contaminants.
唑类化合物被认为是治疗人类、动物和植物真菌病原体最有效的杀菌剂之一。它们作为抗真菌药物具有重要的临床意义，广泛应用于个人护理产品、紫外线稳定剂和飞机的防腐性能中。唑类化合物在自然环境中的普遍存在及其在鱼类中的积累引发了人们对其对水生生物影响的关注。
本文旨在综述唑类化合物对鱼类的影响的科学研究，并讨论未来风险评估的机会。
在 Web of Science、PubMed 和 ScienceDirect 上进行了系统的文献检索，以查找关于唑类杀菌剂在鱼类中的环境归宿和毒理学影响的同行评议科学文献。
本综述中纳入的研究充分证明，唑类化合物不仅在自然环境中普遍存在，而且对鱼类也会造成多种有害影响。未来的研究应在多代研究中以与环境相关的浓度单独或与其他常见污染物联合研究唑类化合物，以便更好地了解。
根据目前关于唑类化合物对鱼类的不良生物学影响的知识和研究报告，需要对这些新兴污染物进行更好的管理和有效的生态风险评估，引起相当大的关注。
