Ugochukwu Albert I, Phillips Peter W B, Ochieng' Brian J
Centre for the Study of Science and Innovation Policy, Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, 101 Diefenbaker Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Nov 9;8(4):667. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040667.
Infectious animal diseases, such as Johne's disease (JD) caused by (MAP) and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by , have been a challenge to the livestock industry globally, impacting negatively on animal, human and environmental health, and overall food security. Despite several industry-led and government initiatives and programs aimed at preventing and reducing losses associated with JD and bTB outbreaks, JD has remained endemic in many parts of the world while there have been incidental outbreaks of bTB. While several studies focus on sustainable intensification of food (crop) production as a critical solution to food insecurity, following the existential interconnection between animals, humans and the environment recognized by one health, we frame food security through the lens of animal disease prevention and control, given the importance of livestock products to human health and livelihood. Vaccination has been a popular strategy successfully used in controlling other infectious diseases. The paper focuses on an alternate strategy of two subunit vaccines with companion diagnostics targeted at individual pathogens to attain satisfactory immunological responses for JD and bTB. We examine gaps in vaccine policies, commercialization, and potential strategies that would strengthen animal disease prevention and enhance food security. The potential of public-private partnership in strengthening private sector participation in effective animal disease control and health delivery and the implications for global food security are discussed.
传染性动物疾病，如由副结核分枝杆菌（MAP）引起的副结核病（JD）和由结核分枝杆菌引起的牛结核病（bTB），一直是全球畜牧业面临的挑战，对动物、人类和环境健康以及整体粮食安全产生负面影响。尽管有几项由行业主导和政府发起的旨在预防和减少与JD和bTB疫情相关损失的倡议和计划，但JD在世界许多地区仍然流行，同时也有bTB的偶发疫情。虽然有几项研究将粮食（作物）生产的可持续集约化作为解决粮食不安全问题的关键方案，但鉴于“同一健康”理念所认识到的动物、人类和环境之间的生存相互联系，考虑到畜产品对人类健康和生计的重要性，我们从动物疾病预防和控制的角度来审视粮食安全。疫苗接种一直是成功用于控制其他传染病的常用策略。本文重点关注一种替代策略，即使用针对个别病原体的两种亚单位疫苗及配套诊断方法，以获得针对JD和bTB的满意免疫反应。我们研究了疫苗政策、商业化方面的差距以及能够加强动物疾病预防并提高粮食安全的潜在策略。还讨论了公私伙伴关系在加强私营部门参与有效动物疾病控制和卫生服务方面的潜力以及对全球粮食安全的影响。
