Aillaud Michelle, Schulte Leon N
Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Noncoding RNA. 2020 Nov 9;6(4):44. doi: 10.3390/ncrna6040044.
While the important functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in nuclear organization are well documented, their orchestrating and architectural roles in the cytoplasmic environment have long been underestimated. However, recently developed fractionation and proximity labelling approaches have shown that a considerable proportion of cellular lncRNAs is exported into the cytoplasm and associates nonrandomly with proteins in the cytosol and organelles. The functions of these lncRNAs range from the control of translation and mitochondrial metabolism to the anchoring of cellular components on the cytoskeleton and regulation of protein degradation at the proteasome. In the present review, we provide an overview of the functions of lncRNAs in cytoplasmic structures and machineries und discuss their emerging roles in the coordination of the dense intracellular milieu. It is becoming apparent that further research into the functions of these lncRNAs will lead to an improved understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of cytoplasmic processes during homeostasis and disease.
虽然长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在细胞核组织中的重要功能已有充分记载，但它们在细胞质环境中的协调和构建作用长期以来一直被低估。然而，最近开发的分级分离和邻近标记方法表明，相当一部分细胞lncRNA被输出到细胞质中，并与细胞质溶胶和细胞器中的蛋白质非随机结合。这些lncRNA的功能范围从翻译控制和线粒体代谢到细胞成分在细胞骨架上的锚定以及蛋白酶体处蛋白质降解的调节。在本综述中，我们概述了lncRNA在细胞质结构和机制中的功能，并讨论了它们在协调密集细胞内环境中新兴的作用。越来越明显的是，对这些lncRNA功能的进一步研究将有助于更好地理解稳态和疾病期间细胞质过程的时空组织。
