Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
University of Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Sep;24(13):4277-4285. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020004607. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
To determine nutritional adequacy of school lunch and to assess the impact of food waste on nutrient intake of primary schoolchildren.
The weighing method was used for evaluating initial servings and plate waste for lunch. Energy and nutritional contents of meals served, consumed and wasted were estimated using the software Food Processor Plus. The mean nutritional value of food served and consumed was compared with dietary guidelines.
Portuguese public primary schools in the city of Porto.
All 525 fourth-grade children, aged from 9 to 10 years old, attending to twenty-one public primary schools.
Overall, school lunches served did not meet the dietary guidelines for energy and nutrients, as only 12·5 % of the evaluated meals were adequate for energy, 33·5 % for proteins, 11·9 % for carbohydrates and 57·1 % for lipids. The majority of meals served were below the age-specific lower limit, namely for energy (83·7 %) and carbohydrates (86·8 %). The only exception, also unbalanced, was observed for proteins, as 42·4 % of lunches served exceeded the recommended upper limit. Furthermore, lunches served and consumed by children did not meet the dietary guidelines for fibre and for the micronutrients evaluated. Children wasted 26 % of the energy content provided in lunches, corresponding to 91·5 kcal, 25 % of proteins and 29 % of carbohydrates supplied.
The lunches served and consumed by children at school canteens failed to meet nutritional standards. These results are not only a consequence of inadequate food portions served but also a result of the high plate waste values observed.
确定学校午餐的营养充足程度，并评估食物浪费对小学生营养摄入的影响。
采用称重法评估午餐的初始份量和餐盘剩余量。使用软件 Food Processor Plus 估算供应、消耗和浪费的膳食的能量和营养含量。将供应和消耗的食物的平均营养价值与饮食指南进行比较。
葡萄牙波尔图市的公立小学。
参加 21 所公立小学的 525 名 9-10 岁四年级儿童。
总体而言，学校供应的午餐不符合饮食指南的能量和营养标准，只有 12.5%的评估餐食的能量充足，33.5%的蛋白质充足，11.9%的碳水化合物充足，57.1%的脂肪充足。供应的大多数餐食都低于特定年龄的下限，即能量（83.7%）和碳水化合物（86.8%）。唯一的例外是蛋白质，42.4%的午餐供应量超过了推荐的上限，虽然也不均衡。此外，儿童在学校食堂消耗的午餐也不符合膳食纤维和评估的微量营养素的饮食指南。儿童浪费了午餐中提供的 26%的能量，相当于 91.5 千卡，25%的蛋白质和 29%的碳水化合物。
学校食堂供应和儿童消耗的午餐都不符合营养标准。这些结果不仅是供应的食物份量不足的结果，也是餐盘剩余量高的结果。
