Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia.
Deakin University, CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr;24(5):1153-1165. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020004590. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
To analyse nutritional and packaging characteristics of toddler-specific foods and milks in the Australian retail food environment to identify how such products fit within the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the NOVA classification.
Cross-sectional retail audit of toddler foods and milks. On-pack product attributes were recorded. Products were categorised as (1) food or milk; (2) snack food or meal and (3) snacks sub-categorised depending on main ingredients. Products were classified as a discretionary or core food as per the ADG and level of processing according to NOVA classification.
Supermarkets and pharmacies in Australia.
A total of 154 foods and thirty-two milks were identified. Eighty percentage of foods were snacks, and 60 % of foods were classified as core foods, while 85 % were ultraprocessed (UP). Per 100 g, discretionary foods provided significantly more energy, protein, total and saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar and Na (P < 0·001) than core foods. Total sugars were significantly higher (P < 0·001) and Na significantly lower (P < 0·001) in minimally processed foods than in UP foods. All toddler milks (n 32) were found to have higher energy, carbohydrate and total sugar levels than full-fat cow's milk per 100 ml. Claims and messages were present on 99 % of foods and all milks.
The majority of toddler foods available in Australia are UP snack foods and do not align with the ADG. Toddler milks, despite being UP, do align with the ADG. A strengthened regulatory approach may address this issue.
分析澳大利亚零售食品环境中幼儿专用食品和奶制品的营养和包装特点，以确定这些产品如何符合澳大利亚膳食指南（ADG）和 NOVA 分类法。
对幼儿食品和奶制品进行横断面零售审计。记录产品的包装属性。根据主要成分将产品分为（1）食品或奶制品；（2）零食或餐点和（3）零食。根据 ADG 将产品分为随意性或核心食品，根据 NOVA 分类法根据加工水平进行分类。
澳大利亚的超市和药店。
共确定了 154 种食品和 32 种奶制品。80%的食品是零食，60%的食品被归类为核心食品，而 85%的食品是超加工食品（UP）。每 100 克，随意性食品提供的能量、蛋白质、总脂肪和饱和脂肪、碳水化合物、总糖和 Na 显著更多（P<0·001）比核心食品。与 UP 食品相比，最低限度加工食品的总糖含量显著更高（P<0·001），Na 含量显著更低（P<0·001）。所有幼儿牛奶（n 32）每 100 毫升的能量、碳水化合物和总糖含量均高于全脂牛奶。99%的食品和所有奶制品都有声明和信息。
澳大利亚市场上大多数幼儿食品都是 UP 零食，不符合 ADG。尽管幼儿牛奶是 UP，但它们符合 ADG。加强监管方法可能会解决这个问题。
