School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
Curtin University, School of Public Health, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6012, Australia.
Nutr J. 2018 Oct 25;17(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0404-4.
While public health experts have identified food environments as a driver of poor diet, they also hold great potential to reduce obesity, non-communicable diseases, and their inequalities. Supermarkets are the dominant retail food environment in many developed countries including Australia. The contribution of supermarket own brands to the healthfulness of retail food environments has not yet been explored. The aim of this protocol is to describe the methods developed to examine the availability, nutritional quality, price, placement and promotion of supermarket own brand foods within Australian supermarkets.
Photographic audits of all supermarket own brand foods present in three major food retail outlets were conducted. Two researchers conducted the supermarket audits in Perth, Western Australia in February 2017. Photographs showing the location of the in-store product display, location of products on shelves, use of display materials, and front-of-pack and shelf-edge labels were taken for each supermarket own brand food present. An electronic filing system was established for photographs from each of the supermarkets and an Excel database constructed. The following data were extracted from the photographs: front-of-pack product information (e.g. product and brand name, pack weight); packaging and label design attributes (e.g. country of origin; marketing techniques conveying value for money and convenience); shelf-edge label price and promotion information; placement and prominence of each product; and nutrition and health information (including supplementary nutrition information, nutrition and health claims, and marketing statements and claims). Nutritional quality of each product was assessed using the principles of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, the NOVA classification of level of food processing, and the Health Star Rating score displayed on the front-of-pack.
Approximately 20,000 photographic images were collected for 3940 supermarket own brand foods present in this audit: 1812 in the Woolworths store, 1731 in the Coles store, and 397 in the IGA store. Analysis of findings will enable researchers to identify opportunities for interventions to improve the contribution of supermarket own brands to healthful retail food environments. This protocol is unique as it aims to investigate all aspects of retail food environments and address the contribution of supermarket own brands.
公共卫生专家已经认识到食品环境是导致不良饮食的一个因素，但它们也具有很大的潜力来减少肥胖、非传染性疾病及其不平等现象。超市是包括澳大利亚在内的许多发达国家的主要零售食品环境。超市自有品牌对零售食品环境健康的贡献尚未得到探索。本方案旨在描述用于检查澳大利亚超市自有品牌食品供应、营养质量、价格、位置和促销情况的方法。
对三家主要食品零售商的所有超市自有品牌食品进行拍照审计。2017 年 2 月，两名研究人员在西澳大利亚州珀斯进行了超市审计。为每一种超市自有品牌食品拍摄显示店内产品展示位置、货架上产品位置、展示材料使用情况以及正面包装和货架边缘标签的照片。为每个超市建立了一个电子照片存档系统，并构建了一个 Excel 数据库。从每张照片中提取以下数据：正面包装产品信息（例如产品和品牌名称、包装重量）；包装和标签设计属性（例如原产国；传达物有所值和便利性的营销技术）；货架边缘标签价格和促销信息；每个产品的位置和突出程度；以及营养和健康信息（包括补充营养信息、营养和健康声明以及营销声明和声明）。使用澳大利亚健康饮食指南的原则、NOVA 食品加工水平分类以及正面包装上显示的健康星级评分来评估每个产品的营养质量。
在这次审计中，共拍摄了 3940 种超市自有品牌食品的约 20000 张照片：Woolworths 商店 1812 张，Coles 商店 1731 张，IGA 商店 397 张。分析调查结果将使研究人员能够确定改善超市自有品牌对健康零售食品环境的贡献的干预机会。本方案是独特的，因为它旨在调查零售食品环境的各个方面，并解决超市自有品牌的贡献。
