Murphy Claire A, O'Reilly Daniel P, Neary Elaine, El-Khuffash Afif, NíAinle Fionnuala, McCallion Naomi, Maguire Patricia B
Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Pediatr Res. 2021 Aug;90(2):289-299. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01240-5. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound particles, extensively investigated across many fields to improve the understanding of pathophysiological processes, as biomarkers of disease and as therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention. We aim to describe the current knowledge of EVs detected in the body fluids of human neonates, both term and preterm, from birth to 4 weeks of age. To date, EVs have been described in several neonatal body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, umbilical cord blood, neonatal blood, tracheal aspirates and urine. These studies demonstrate some important roles of EVs in the neonatal population, particularly in haemostasis. Moreover, some studies have demonstrated the pathophysiological mechanisms and the identification of potential biomarkers of neonatal disease. We must continue to build on this knowledge, evaluating the role of EVs in neonatal pathology, particularly in prematurity and during the perinatal adaption period. Future studies should use larger numbers, robust EV characterisation techniques and always correlate the findings to clinical outcomes. IMPACT: This article summarises the current knowledge of the effect of EVs in neonates. It describes the potential compensatory role of EVs in neonatal haemostasis. It also describes the role of EVs as mediators of pathology and as potential biomarkers of perinatal and neonatal disease.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞衍生的膜结合颗粒，在许多领域都得到了广泛研究，以增进对病理生理过程的理解，作为疾病的生物标志物以及药物干预的治疗靶点。我们旨在描述目前关于足月儿和早产儿出生至4周龄时在其体液中检测到的细胞外囊泡的知识。迄今为止，已在几种新生儿体液中描述了细胞外囊泡，包括脑脊液、脐带血、新生儿血液、气管吸出物和尿液。这些研究证明了细胞外囊泡在新生儿群体中的一些重要作用，特别是在止血方面。此外，一些研究已经证明了细胞外囊泡在新生儿疾病中的病理生理机制以及潜在生物标志物的识别。我们必须继续基于这些知识，评估细胞外囊泡在新生儿病理学中的作用，特别是在早产和围产期适应期。未来的研究应该使用更大的样本量、强大的细胞外囊泡表征技术，并始终将研究结果与临床结果相关联。影响：本文总结了目前关于细胞外囊泡对新生儿影响的知识。它描述了细胞外囊泡在新生儿止血中的潜在代偿作用。它还描述了细胞外囊泡作为病理介质以及围产期和新生儿疾病潜在生物标志物的作用。
