Box Antonio, Capó Xavier, Tejada Silvia, Catanese Gaetano, Grau Amalia, Deudero Salud, Sureda Antoni, Valencia José María
Department of Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Caça i Cooperació Municipal, Consell Insular d'Eivissa, 07800 Balearic Islands, Spain.
Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Pathogens. 2020 Nov 11;9(11):932. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9110932.
The endemic fan mussel () in the Mediterranean Sea is at high risk of disappearance due to massive mortality events. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant response of collected in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean) before and after the mass mortality event. Individuals collected before (between 2011 and 2012) and after (between 2016 and 2017) the event were analyzed by histological, molecular, and biochemical methods to compare pathogenic loads and biochemical responses. All the individuals collected during 2016-2017 presented symptoms of the disease and were positive for , while acid-fast bacteria or/and Gram-negative bacteria were detected in some individuals of both sampling periods. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in the gills were significantly lower in affected with the parasite compared to those in the asymptomatic ones, while levels of malondialdehyde, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were higher in infected individuals. When analyzing the differential effects of and sp. on , it was observed that significant effects on biomarkers were only observed in the presence of . Co-infection of by with other pathogens such as sp. constitutes a serious problem due to its high mortality rate in the Balearic Island waters. This concerning situation for is favored by a reduction in antioxidant defenses related to infection that induces oxidative stress and cell damage.
地中海特有的扇形贻贝（）由于大规模死亡事件而面临着极高的消失风险。本研究的目的是评估在巴利阿里群岛（西地中海）大规模死亡事件前后采集的 的抗氧化反应。通过组织学、分子学和生物化学方法对在事件发生前（2011年至2012年之间）和之后（2016年至2017年之间）采集的个体进行分析，以比较致病负荷和生化反应。在2016 - 2017年期间采集的所有个体都呈现出疾病症状且 呈阳性，而在两个采样期的一些个体中都检测到了抗酸细菌或/和革兰氏阴性细菌。与无症状个体相比，感染寄生虫的 鳃中抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性显著降低，而作为脂质过氧化指标的丙二醛水平在受感染个体中更高。在分析 和 对 的不同影响时，观察到仅在存在 时才对生物标志物有显著影响。 与其他病原体（如 ）共同感染 在巴利阿里群岛海域因其高死亡率而构成严重问题。 感染导致抗氧化防御能力下降，进而引发氧化应激和细胞损伤，这使得 的这种令人担忧的情况更为严重。
