Biagi Carlotta, Dondi Arianna, Scarpini Sara, Rocca Alessandro, Vandini Silvia, Poletti Giulia, Lanari Marcello
Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Sant'Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, 40026 Imola (Bologna), Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Nov 11;8(4):672. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040672.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in infants and it also induces significant disease in the elderly. The clinical course may be severe, especially in high-risk populations (infants and elderly), with a large number of deaths in developing countries and of intensive care hospitalizations worldwide. To date, prevention strategies against RSV infection is based on hygienic measures and passive immunization with humanized monoclonal antibodies, limited to selected high-risk children due to their high costs. The development of a safe and effective vaccine is a global health need and an important objective of research in this field. A growing number of RSV vaccine candidates in different formats (particle-based vaccines, vector-based vaccines, subunit vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines) are being developed and are now at different stages, many of them already being in the clinical stage. While waiting for commercially available safe and effective vaccines, immune prophylaxis in selected groups of high-risk populations is still mandatory. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the RSV vaccine research and its implications for clinical practice, focusing on the characteristics of the vaccines that reached the clinical stage of development.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是婴儿急性呼吸道感染的主要病因，在老年人中也会引发严重疾病。临床病程可能较为严重，尤其是在高危人群（婴儿和老年人）中，在发展中国家会导致大量死亡，在全球范围内会导致大量重症监护住院病例。迄今为止，针对RSV感染的预防策略基于卫生措施和用人源化单克隆抗体进行被动免疫，但由于成本高昂，仅限于特定高危儿童。开发安全有效的疫苗是一项全球卫生需求，也是该领域研究的重要目标。越来越多不同形式（基于颗粒的疫苗、基于载体的疫苗、亚单位疫苗和减毒活疫苗）的RSV候选疫苗正在研发中，目前处于不同阶段，其中许多已进入临床阶段。在等待可商购的安全有效疫苗的同时，对特定高危人群组进行免疫预防仍然是必要的。本综述总结了RSV疫苗研究的最新进展及其对临床实践的影响，重点关注已进入临床开发阶段的疫苗的特点。
