Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy.
Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI) 56122, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Feb;104(2):1378-1383. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19268. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
We investigated the main sterols, phytosterols, and the α- and γ-tocopherol content in donkey milk during the first 2 mo of lactation. Cholesterol was the main sterol in milk (mean ± standard deviation = 0.97 ± 0.443 g/100 g of fat). Lanosterol was the main minor sterol of animal origin, followed by desmosterol (0.003 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Of the phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the main sterol of vegetal origin in donkey milk (0.005 ± 0.002 g/100 g of fat), but lower levels of campesterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol were also recorded. Mean levels of α- and γ-tocopherol were 0.01 ± 0.007 and 0.003 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively. We observed no significant changes in sterol or tocopherol content during the first 2 mo of lactation. The presence of lanosterol in donkey milk is of particular interest, because lanosterol is a potential drug and has important physiological effects. The presence of phytosterols, which are considered nutraceutical molecules, enhances the nutritional quality of donkey milk fat for consumers.
我们研究了驴乳在哺乳期头 2 个月中的主要固醇、植物固醇、α-和γ-生育酚含量。胆固醇是乳中的主要固醇（平均值±标准差=0.97±0.443 g/100 g 脂肪）。羊毛固醇是动物源的主要次要固醇，其次是粪固醇（分别为 0.003±0.001 和 0.001±0.001 g/100 g 脂肪）。在植物固醇中，β-谷固醇是驴乳中主要的植物固醇（0.005±0.002 g/100 g 脂肪），但也记录到较低水平的菜油固醇、 brassicasterol 和豆固醇。α-和γ-生育酚的平均水平分别为 0.01±0.007 和 0.003±0.001 g/100 g 脂肪。我们观察到在哺乳期头 2 个月中，固醇或生育酚含量没有明显变化。驴乳中羊毛固醇的存在特别有趣，因为羊毛固醇是一种潜在的药物，具有重要的生理作用。植物固醇的存在，被认为是营养保健品分子，提高了驴乳脂肪对消费者的营养价值。
