Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plant Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:143073. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143073. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
Pollen-mediated gene flow of genetically modified crops to their wild relatives can facilitate the spread of transgenes into the ecosystem and alter the fitness of the consequential progeny. A two-year field study was conducted to quantify the gene flow from glufosinate-ammonium resistant (GR) soybean (Glycinemax) to its wild relative, wild soybean (G. soja), and assess the potential weed risk of hybrids resulting from the gene flow during their entire life cycle under field conditions in Korea, where wild soybean is the natural inhabitant. Pollen-mediated gene flow from GR soybeans to wild soybeans ranged from 0.292% (mixed planting) to 0.027% at 8 m distance. The log-logistic model described the gene flow rate with increasing distance from GR soybean to wild soybean; the estimated effective isolation distance for 0.01% gene flow between GR and wild soybeans was 37.7 m. The F1 and F2 hybrids exhibited the intermediate characteristics of their parental soybeans in their vegetative and reproductive stages. Canopy height and stem length of hybrids were close to those of wild soybean, which shows an indeterminate growth; the numbers of flowers, pods, and seeds per hybrid plant were close to those of wild soybean and significantly higher than those of GR soybean. Seed longevity of F2 hybrid plants was also intermediate but significantly greater than that of GR soybean due to high seed dormancy. Our results suggest that transgenes of the GR soybean might disperse into wild populations and persist in the agroecosystem of the genetic origin regions due to the pollen-mediated gene flow and the relatively high fitness of the hybrid progeny.
花粉介导的转基因作物向其野生亲缘种的基因流可促进转基因向生态系统中的扩散，并改变由此产生的后代的适合度。本研究进行了为期两年的田间试验，以量化耐草甘膦（GR）大豆（Glycinemax）向其野生亲缘种野生大豆（G. soja）的基因流，并评估在韩国田间条件下，由于基因流而产生的杂种在其整个生命周期中对杂草的潜在风险，在韩国，野生大豆是自然栖息地。GR 大豆向野生大豆的花粉介导基因流范围为 0.292%（混种）至 0.027%（8m 距离）。对数逻辑模型描述了基因流率随距离的增加而增加；估计在 GR 和野生大豆之间 0.01%基因流的有效隔离距离为 37.7 m。F1 和 F2 杂种在其营养和生殖阶段表现出亲本大豆的中间特征。杂种的冠层高度和茎长接近野生大豆，表现出不定生长；每株杂种植物的花、荚和种子数量接近野生大豆，显著高于 GR 大豆。由于种子休眠性高，F2 杂种植物的种子寿命也处于中间水平，但显著高于 GR 大豆。我们的结果表明，由于花粉介导的基因流和杂种后代相对较高的适合度，GR 大豆的转基因可能会扩散到野生种群，并在遗传起源地区的农业生态系统中持续存在。
