Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Applied Health Sciences at Brock University, St Catherines, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Can J Diabetes. 2020 Dec;44(8):701-710. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Sep 7.
Engagement in regular physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone prevention strategy for individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Interventions targeting PA often fail to result in long-term behaviour changes. "Small Steps for Big Changes" is a 3-week diabetes prevention program that promotes PA behaviour changes in individuals with prediabetes through motivational interviewing-informed counselling.
In this study, we aimed to: a) profile patterns of women's perceived PA journey over 1 year and b) understand strategies used to engage in and maintain PA. Fourteen women (mean age, 60 years) engaged in 4 semistructured interviews (preprogram, postprogram and 3 and 12 months postprogram) over 1 year (56 total interviews). A trajectory approach was used, coupled with a deductive‒inductive thematic analysis. Findings are presented descriptively and chronologically over 1 year.
To address the first study aim, 4 patterns emerged: a) consistently inactive: minimal change; b) increase and maintenance of PA levels; c) peak in and maintenance of PA levels and d) consistently active: minimal increase, yet maintenance. Generally, women reported higher PA levels after completing the Small Steps for Big Changes program compared with preprogram levels. Related to the second aim, a range of facilitators and barriers were identified, as well as strategies used to facilitate engagement in and maintenance of PA over 1 year. Participants reporting more strategies to engage in PA were more likely to engage in PA. Commonly used strategies include being self-compassionate and practicing self-regulatory techniques (e.g. goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring).
Diabetes prevention programs that assist participants in utilizing relevant PA strategies during an intervention may witness long-term maintenance of PA behaviour.
有规律地进行身体活动（PA）是预防 2 型糖尿病高危人群的基石。针对 PA 的干预措施通常无法导致长期的行为改变。“小步大改变”是一个为期 3 周的糖尿病预防计划，通过动机访谈式咨询促进前驱糖尿病患者的 PA 行为改变。
在这项研究中，我们旨在：a）描绘女性在 1 年内感知到的 PA 历程模式；b）了解参与和维持 PA 的策略。14 名女性（平均年龄 60 岁）在 1 年内进行了 4 次半结构化访谈（预计划、后计划以及 3 个月和 12 个月后）（共 56 次访谈）。采用轨迹方法，结合演绎-归纳主题分析。结果按时间顺序描述性呈现，为期 1 年。
为了实现第一个研究目标，出现了 4 种模式：a）持续不活跃：变化极小；b）PA 水平增加和维持；c）PA 水平峰值维持；d）持续活跃：水平略有增加，但保持不变。通常，女性在完成“小步大改变”计划后报告的 PA 水平高于预计划水平。与第二个目标相关，确定了一系列促进因素和障碍，以及在 1 年内促进参与和维持 PA 的策略。报告更多参与 PA 策略的参与者更有可能参与 PA。常用的策略包括自我同情和实践自我调节技术（例如设定目标、计划、自我监测）。
在干预期间协助参与者利用相关 PA 策略的糖尿病预防计划可能会见证 PA 行为的长期维持。
