Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2021 Jan;213:105757. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105757. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania species and transmitted by infected female sand flies. CL is widely distributed in Brazil, but knowledge about vectors and transmission cycles could be complex according to localities. The sand fly fauna in Rondônia State is extensive, diverse, and largely unexplored. Although the state records a mean of 1,000 CL cases per year, the vectors of CL are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess phlebotomine sand fly fauna composition using diversity indexes (Shannon [H'] and Simpson [1/D]) and to detect the prevalence of Leishmania infection to verify potential vectors in three ecotopes: (i) forest fragment (FF), (ii) forest edge (FE), and (iii) peridomicile (PE). Captures were performed in four rural districts in the municipality of Porto Velho. A total of 7,026 specimens were captured comprising 72 species, and individuals classified in subgenus level. Overall, the most abundant species were Lutzomyia davisi (n: 1,105), Lutzomyia melloi (n: 760), Lutzomyia auraensis (n: 738) and Lutzomyia antunesi (n: 479). Fauna was most diverse in the FF ecotope (H' = 20.2, 1/D = 11.2), followed by the FE (H' = 18.0, 1/D = 10.1) and PE (H' = 16.6, 1/D = 10.1) ecotopes. Leishmania DNA was detected in 24 of 232 pools. In every ecotope, Leishmania naiffi DNA was identified in the following sand fly species: Lu. antunesi, Lu. davisi, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. shawi, Lu. sordellii and Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp. This observation may indicate that a Le. naiffi transmission focus is present in the study localities. In addition, Leishmania lainsoni was detected in Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. Our findings show that sand fly fauna in the study localities is diverse, that Leishmania parasites are circulating in all three ecotopes, and that some sand fly species may be implicated in the transmission of Leishmania to humans in localities evaluated.
皮肤利什曼病（CL）是一种由利什曼原虫属引起的虫媒病，通过受感染的雌性沙蝇传播。CL 在巴西广泛分布，但根据当地情况，对媒介和传播周期的了解可能较为复杂。朗多尼亚州的沙蝇动物群广泛、多样且在很大程度上尚未得到探索。尽管该州每年记录有 1000 例 CL 病例，但 CL 的媒介仍然未知。本研究旨在使用多样性指数（香农[H']和辛普森[1/D]）评估利什曼原虫感染的流行情况，以评估三种生态区（i）森林碎片（FF）、（ii）森林边缘（FE）和（iii）半户区（PE）的利什曼原虫感染的潜在媒介。在圣多明各市的四个农村地区进行了捕获。共捕获了 7026 只标本，包括 72 种，以及分类到亚属水平的个体。总体而言，最丰富的物种是 Lutzomyia davisi（n：1105）、Lutzomyia melloi（n：760）、Lutzomyia auraensis（n：738）和 Lutzomyia antunesi（n：479）。FF 生态区的动物群最为多样（H'=20.2，1/D=11.2），其次是 FE（H'=18.0，1/D=10.1）和 PE（H'=16.6，1/D=10.1）生态区。在 232 个池中检测到 24 个池中的利什曼原虫 DNA。在每个生态区中，在以下沙蝇种中均鉴定出 Leishmania naiffi DNA：Lu. antunesi、Lu. davisi、Lu. hirsuta hirsuta、Lu. shawi、Lu. sordellii 和 Lu.（Trichophoromyia） spp。这一观察结果可能表明，在研究地点存在 Le. naiffi 传播焦点。此外，还在 Lutzomyia（Trichophoromyia） spp 中检测到 Leishmania lainsoni。我们的研究结果表明，研究地点的沙蝇动物群多种多样，利什曼原虫寄生虫在所有三个生态区中循环，并且一些沙蝇种可能参与了当地利什曼原虫向人类的传播。
