Barroso Edmilson Pereira, de Souza Eduardo Alcici, Carneiro Ana Carolina Gomes, de Ávila Márcia Moreira, de Menezes Júnior Yledo Fernandes, Medeiros-Sousa Antonio Ralph, Melchior Leonardo Augusto Kohara, Shimabukuro Paloma Helena Fernandes, Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi, Rodrigues Bruno Leite, Brilhante Andreia Fernandes
Andreia Fernandes Brilhante, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, Acre, 69920-900, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, Acre, 69920-900, Brazil.
Ecohealth. 2025 Mar;22(1):42-54. doi: 10.1007/s10393-024-01689-4. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Sand flies are a group of insects (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in which some species may transmit agents of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to analyze the sand fly fauna in urban parks in Rio Branco, capital of Acre state, addressing its diversity, infection by Leishmania, and food sources in sand fly females. The sand flies were collected with CDC-type automatic light traps installed in three urban parks in Rio Branco: Captain Ciríaco, Horto Florestal and Chico Mendes. For comparison analysis of species richness and diversity between the parks, we analyzed rarefaction and prediction curves. For detection of Leishmania spp., molecular tests were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ITS1 as a marker, followed by genetic sequencing. Identification of the blood meal source in engorged females was performed by PCR using a fragment of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 2,672 specimens were collected, distributed in 14 genera and 35 species. Of these, Nyssomyia antunesi and Evandromyia walkeri predominated, and important proven and suspected vectors were also found. Horto Florestal was the park with the greatest diversity, richness, and evenness of species, while the Captain Ciríaco presented the lowest diversity and richness. A female of Ny. antunesi was PCR-positive for Leishmania guyanensis. Human blood was the most frequent food source detected, mainly in Ev. walkeri and Ny. antunesi. This research showed that the studied parks of Rio Branco can act as foci for the maintenance of Leishmania, and people who frequent these urban areas may be in risk for contracting leishmaniasis.
白蛉是一组昆虫（双翅目，蛾蠓科，白蛉亚科），其中一些物种可能传播利什曼病病原体。本研究旨在分析阿克里州首府里奥布兰科城市公园中的白蛉动物群，探讨其多样性、利什曼原虫感染情况以及白蛉雌虫的食物来源。白蛉通过安装在里奥布兰科三个城市公园（西里亚科上尉公园、森林园艺公园和奇科·门德斯公园）的疾控中心型自动诱虫灯收集。为了比较各公园之间物种丰富度和多样性，我们分析了稀疏度和预测曲线。为了检测利什曼原虫属，使用核糖体DNA内转录间隔区1（ITS1）作为标记，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行分子检测，随后进行基因测序。通过使用细胞色素b基因（cyt b）片段的PCR对白蛉雌虫体内血餐来源进行鉴定，随后进行测序和系统发育分析。总共收集了2672个标本，分布在14个属和35个物种中。其中，安图内斯白蛉和沃克伊氏白蛉占主导地位，还发现了重要的已证实和疑似传播媒介。森林园艺公园是物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度最高的公园，而上尉西里亚科公园的多样性和丰富度最低。一只安图内斯白蛉雌虫对圭亚那利什曼原虫PCR检测呈阳性。人血是检测到的最常见食物来源，主要存在于沃克伊氏白蛉和安图内斯白蛉中。本研究表明，里奥布兰科的这些研究公园可能是利什曼原虫传播的疫源地，经常出入这些城市地区的人可能有感染利什曼病的风险。
