School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
J Biomech. 2020 Dec 2;113:110064. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110064. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Females aged between 13 and 17 years old possess the highest non-contact ACL injury incidence of any sex-age strata. Considering that energy absorption strategies have been associated with a reduced risk for sustaining an ACL injury, evaluating landing performance in youth athletes requires investigations beyond the kinematic level. The purpose of this study was to identify sex-specific energy absorption strategies in adolescent males and females, including the relationship between strength and the observed strategies. Thirty-one healthy adolescent athletes completed unanticipated single-leg drop-jump landings on their dominant limb. Sex-specific kinematics and lower-limb contributions to energy absorption were then compared over the landing phase for each jump. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients determined the relationship between isometric joint strength and the observed kinematics and energy absorption. Female participants absorbed a larger proportion of the landing energy at the ankle (p = 0.046, d = 0.75) and smaller proportion at the hip (p = 0.028, d = 0.85) compared to males. Females also reached larger peak negative joint power in their knee (p = 0.001, d = 1.1) and ankle (p = 0.04, d = 0.79). Hip extension strength was positively correlated with trunk flexion (r = 0.559, p = 0.001) and negatively correlated with forward pelvic tilt (r = -0.513, p = 0.003). Females adopted an energy absorption strategy which utilized the distal joints to absorb a larger portion of the landing forces and tended to absorb the forces later in the landing phase relative to males. The greater reliance on distal joints is correlated to reduced hip strength and may increase the risk for sustaining an ACL injury.
13 至 17 岁的女性在任何性别年龄组中发生非接触性 ACL 损伤的发生率最高。考虑到能量吸收策略与降低 ACL 损伤风险有关，因此评估青年运动员的落地表现需要超越运动学水平的研究。本研究的目的是确定青少年男性和女性特有的能量吸收策略，包括力量与观察到的策略之间的关系。31 名健康的青少年运动员在其优势腿上完成了意外的单腿跳下跳跃着陆。然后，比较了每个跳跃的着陆阶段中下肢的运动学和能量吸收。皮尔逊和斯皮尔曼相关系数确定了等长关节强度与观察到的运动学和能量吸收之间的关系。与男性相比，女性参与者在踝关节（p=0.046，d=0.75）吸收了更大比例的着陆能量，而在髋关节（p=0.028，d=0.85）吸收的能量比例较小。女性在膝关节（p=0.001，d=1.1）和踝关节（p=0.04，d=0.79）中也达到了更大的峰值负关节功率。髋关节伸展力量与躯干屈曲呈正相关（r=0.559，p=0.001），与骨盆前倾呈负相关（r=-0.513，p=0.003）。女性采用了一种能量吸收策略，该策略利用远端关节吸收更大比例的着陆力，并倾向于在着陆阶段后期吸收这些力。对远端关节的更大依赖与髋关节力量的降低有关，这可能会增加 ACL 损伤的风险。
