Cowin Jake, Nimphius Sophia, Fell James, Culhane Peter, Schmidt Matthew
School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia.
Tasmanian Institute of Sport (Sports Performance Unit), Prospect, TAS, Australia.
Sports Med Open. 2022 Jun 27;8(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s40798-022-00473-4.
Movement variability is defined as the normal variations in motor performance across multiple repetitions of a task. However, the term "movement variability" can mean different things depending on context, and when used by itself does not capture the specifics of what has been investigated. Within sport, complex movements are performed repeatedly under a variety of different constraints (e.g. different situations, presence of defenders, time pressure). Movement variability has implications for sport performance and injury risk management. Given the importance of movement variability, it is important to understand the terms used to measure and describe it. This broad term of "movement variability" does not specify the different types of movement variability that are currently being assessed in the sporting literature. We conducted a scoping review (1) to assess the current terms and definitions used to describe movement variability within sporting tasks and (2) to utilise the results of the review for a proposed framework that distinguishes and defines the different types of movement variability within sporting tasks. To be considered eligible, sources must have assessed a sporting movement or skill and had at least one quantifiable measure of movement variability. A total of 43 peer-reviewed journal article sources were included in the scoping review. A total of 280 terms relating to movement variability terminology were extracted using a data-charting form jointly developed by two reviewers. One source out of 43 (2%) supplied definitions for all types of movement variability discussed. Moreover, 169 of 280 terms (60%) were undefined in the source material. Our proposed theoretical framework explains three types of movement variability: strategic, execution, and outcome. Strategic variability describes the different approaches or methods of movement used to complete a task. Execution variability describes the intentional and unintentional adjustments of the body between repetitions within the same strategy. Outcome variability describes the differences in the result or product of a movement. These types emerged from broader frameworks in motor control and were adapted to fit the movement variability needs in sports literature. By providing specific terms with explicit definitions, our proposed framework can ensure like-to-like comparisons of previous terms used in the literature. The practical goal of this framework is to aid athletes, coaches, and support staff to gain a better understanding of how the different types of movement variability within sporting tasks contribute to performance. The framework may allow training methods to be tailored to optimise the specific aspects of movement variability that contribute to success. This review was retrospectively registered using the Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries ( https://osf.io/q73fd ).
运动变异性被定义为在一项任务的多次重复中运动表现的正常变化。然而，“运动变异性”这个术语根据上下文可能有不同的含义，单独使用时并不能涵盖所研究内容的具体细节。在体育运动中，复杂动作会在各种不同的限制条件下（例如不同的情境、防守队员的存在、时间压力）反复进行。运动变异性对运动表现和损伤风险管理具有重要意义。鉴于运动变异性的重要性，理解用于测量和描述它的术语非常重要。“运动变异性”这个宽泛的术语并未明确目前体育文献中正在评估的不同类型的运动变异性。我们进行了一项范围综述：（1）评估用于描述体育任务中运动变异性的当前术语和定义；（2）利用综述结果构建一个框架，以区分和定义体育任务中不同类型的运动变异性。要被视为符合条件，资料来源必须评估了一项体育动作或技能，并且至少有一项运动变异性的可量化测量指标。范围综述共纳入了43篇经同行评审的期刊文章来源。使用两位评审员共同开发的数据图表形式，共提取了280个与运动变异性术语相关的术语。43个来源中有1个（2%）提供了所讨论的所有类型运动变异性的定义。此外，280个术语中有169个（60%）在原始资料中未定义。我们提出的理论框架解释了三种类型的运动变异性：策略性、执行性和结果性。策略性变异性描述了用于完成一项任务的不同运动方法或途径。执行性变异性描述了在同一策略内重复动作时身体有意和无意的调整。结果性变异性描述了运动结果或产物的差异。这些类型源自运动控制的更广泛框架，并进行了调整以适应体育文献中运动变异性的需求。通过提供具有明确定义的特定术语，我们提出的框架可以确保对文献中先前使用的术语进行同类比较。该框架的实际目标是帮助运动员、教练和辅助人员更好地理解体育任务中不同类型的运动变异性如何影响表现。该框架可能使训练方法得以量身定制，以优化有助于取得成功的运动变异性的特定方面。本综述已通过开放科学框架（OSF）注册库（https://osf.io/q73fd）进行了回顾性注册。
