DiPiazza Anthony T, Graham Barney S, Ruckwardt Tracy J
Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 29;538:211-217. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.060. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in the human population in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in a matter of months, spread across the globe resulting in the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and substantial economic fallout. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted between humans via respiratory particles, with infection presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory failure with multiorgan dysfunction and death in severe cases. Prior experiences with human pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory virus diseases in general have revealed an important role for cellular immunity in limiting disease severity. Here, we review some of the key mechanisms underlying cell-mediated immunity to respiratory viruses and summarize our current understanding of the functional capacity and role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells following natural infection and vaccination.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）于2019年末在中国武汉首次在人群中出现，并在短短几个月内传播至全球，导致了冠状病毒病19（COVID-19）大流行以及重大的经济影响。SARS-CoV-2通过呼吸道颗粒在人与人之间传播，感染表现出一系列临床表现，从无症状到呼吸衰竭，严重时伴有多器官功能障碍甚至死亡。以往人类致病性冠状病毒和一般呼吸道病毒疾病的经验表明，细胞免疫在限制疾病严重程度方面发挥着重要作用。在此，我们回顾了细胞介导的对呼吸道病毒免疫的一些关键机制，并总结了我们目前对自然感染和接种疫苗后SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞的功能能力及作用的理解。
