Leonel Javeres Mbah Ntepe, Raza Saqlain, Judith Ngondi, Anwar Fozia, Habib Rabia, Batool Sajida, Nurulain Syed Muhammed
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Front Public Health. 2020 Oct 28;8:534902. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.534902. eCollection 2020.
Organophosphates (OP) are a major agrochemical. The application of OP pesticides is expected to increase multifold in the coming decades. The etiology of diabetic diseases is attributed to multiple factors including OP pesticide exposure. The present study investigates pancreatic dysregulation with respect to exocrine enzymes and diabesity in groups of Pakistani and Cameroonian people exposed to a mixture of OP pesticides. Nine hundred and four OP exposed individuals were enrolled for this cross-sectional study after due consent and approval from an ethical review committee. Pesticides' residues were measured by GC-MS spectrometry. Cholinergic enzymes were measured by Elman's method. Serum glucose, insulin, serum amylase, lipase, and triglyceride were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA; HOMA-IR was determined in OP exposed and non-exposed participants. Stata 15 and R 3.2.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Malathion, chlorpyrifos, and parathion residues were evident in plasma samples. RBC-acetylcholinesterase was significantly depressed in OP exposed groups. In both population samples, investigated pancreatic functions were found to be statistically significantly more dysregulated than non-exposed. OP exposure indicated risk of diabetes and insulin, glycaemia, adiponectin, triglycerides, and TNF-α dysregulations. The study concludes that both OP exposed population groups exhibited a mixture of OP residues and pancreatic dysregulation, although the effect was more pronounced in the Cameroonian population. In addition, serum lipase has a positive correlation with OP exposure and diabetes and may be suggested as an alternate/additional diagnostic marker for diabesity under OP exposure. However, screening of other environmental co-factors with OP for pancreatic dysregulation is suggested.
有机磷酸酯（OP）是一种主要的农用化学品。预计在未来几十年中，OP农药的使用量将成倍增加。糖尿病的病因归因于多种因素，包括接触OP农药。本研究调查了接触OP农药混合物的巴基斯坦人和喀麦隆人群组中胰腺外分泌酶失调和糖尿病肥胖症的情况。在获得伦理审查委员会的适当同意和批准后，招募了904名接触OP的个体参与这项横断面研究。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）光谱法测量农药残留。通过埃尔曼法测量胆碱能酶。通过分光光度法和酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测量血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和甘油三酯；在接触OP和未接触OP的参与者中测定稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）。使用Stata 15和R 3.2.0软件对数据进行统计分析。血浆样本中明显存在马拉硫磷、毒死蜱和对硫磷残留。在接触OP的组中，红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶明显降低。在两个人群样本中，研究发现胰腺功能失调在统计学上比未接触者更显著。接触OP表明存在糖尿病以及胰岛素、血糖、脂联素、甘油三酯和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）失调的风险。研究得出结论，尽管喀麦隆人群的影响更为明显，但两个接触OP的人群组均表现出OP残留和胰腺失调的综合情况。此外，血清脂肪酶与接触OP和糖尿病呈正相关，可能被建议作为接触OP情况下糖尿病肥胖症的替代/补充诊断标志物。然而，建议筛查与OP共同作用导致胰腺失调的其他环境因素。
