Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2021 Sep;49(3):246-261. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1850152. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
: To assess the association between team sport participation and behavioral, psychological, and social health outcomes in young athletes.: A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to identify studies published between 01/01/1950-05/01/2020 investigating the association between team sport participation and health outcomes in young athletes (<25 years). Included studies compared team sport participants to controls or themselves, assessed health outcomes, and had a sample size >50. Prospective and retrospective studies were included; non-primary literature was excluded. Health outcomes were categorized as: 1) behavioral, 2) psychological, or 3) social. Data were extracted to form 2 × 2 tables for each study to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).: Of 371 queried articles, 34 studies from 10 countries across 4 continents were included, with 9 reporting homogenous outcomes for meta-analysis.Behavioral: Fifteen studies evaluated behavioral health outcomes of alcohol and/or drug use, fitness, and diet. Quantitatively, team sport participation was found to decrease rates of cigarette/tobacco use across 5 studies (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69-0.76) and alcohol/drug use across 7 studies (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77). Qualitatively, 12/15 (80%) of studies confirmed improved behavioral health outcomes with team sport participation.Psychological: Nineteen studies evaluated psychological health outcomes including anorexia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation. Quantitatively, team sport participation was associated with decreased depression/anxiety rates across 5 studies (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.54-0.64). Qualitatively, 14/19 (74%) of studies confirmed improved psychological health.Social: Ten studies evaluated social health outcomes including academic performance, commitment, psychosocial health, social behavior/identity, and delinquency/high-risk activity. Qualitatively, 7/10 (70%) of studies confirmed improved social health outcomes with team sport participation.: Team sport participation was associated with decreased odds of smoking/tobacco use, alcohol/drug use, and depression/anxiety. Though few studies mentioned potential negative effects of team sport participation, the majority reported improved behavioral, psychological, and social health outcomes in youth athletes worldwide.
评估团队运动参与对年轻运动员行为、心理和社会健康结果的影响：进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定 1950 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 5 月 1 日期间发表的研究，这些研究调查了团队运动参与与年轻运动员（<25 岁）健康结果之间的关系。纳入的研究将团队运动参与者与对照组或自身进行了比较，评估了健康结果，且样本量>50。纳入了前瞻性和回顾性研究；排除了非主要文献。健康结果分为：1）行为，2）心理，或 3）社会。为每个研究提取数据以形成 2×2 表，以计算优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。在 371 篇查询文章中，来自 4 大洲 10 个国家的 34 项研究被纳入，其中 9 项报告了同质的荟萃分析结果。行为：15 项研究评估了酒精和/或药物使用、健身和饮食等行为健康结果。定量分析发现，团队运动参与降低了 5 项研究中吸烟/烟草使用的发生率（OR 0.72，95%CI 0.69-0.76）和 7 项研究中酒精/药物使用的发生率（OR 0.73，95%CI 0.69-0.77）。定性分析表明，15 项研究中的 12 项（80%）证实了团队运动参与可改善行为健康结果。心理：19 项研究评估了心理健康结果，包括厌食症、焦虑、抑郁、自尊和自杀意念。定量分析发现，团队运动参与与 5 项研究中抑郁/焦虑发生率降低有关（OR 0.59，95%CI 0.54-0.64）。定性分析表明，19 项研究中的 14 项（74%）证实了心理健康的改善。社会：10 项研究评估了社会健康结果，包括学业成绩、承诺、心理社会健康、社会行为/身份和犯罪/高风险活动。定性分析表明，7/10 项研究（70%）证实了团队运动参与可改善社会健康结果。团队运动参与与降低吸烟/烟草使用、酒精/药物使用和抑郁/焦虑的几率有关。尽管少数研究提到了团队运动参与的潜在负面影响，但大多数研究报告了全球青年运动员行为、心理和社会健康结果的改善。
