Emergent Technologies Institute, U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33901, USA.
U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast College, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 12;17(22):8380. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228380.
Isopropylbenzene (cumene) is commonly encountered in groundwater at petroleum release sites due to its natural occurrence in crude oil and historical use as a fuel additive. The cumene concentrations detected at these sites often exceed regulatory guidelines or standards for states with stringent groundwater regulations. Recent laboratory analytical data collected at historical petroleum underground storage tank (UST) release sites have revealed that cumene persists at concentrations exceeding the default cleanup criterion, while other common petroleum constituents are below detection limits or low enough to allow natural attenuation as a remediation strategy. This effectively makes cumene the driver for active remediation at some sites. An insignificant amount of research has been conducted for the in-situ remediation of cumene. Sulfate Enhanced Biodegradation (SEB) is evaluated in a field case study. The results from the field case study show an approximate 92% decrease in plume area following three rounds of SEB injections. An additional objective of this research was to determine the cumene concentration in fuels currently being used to determine future impacts. A review of safety data sheets from several fuel suppliers revealed that cumene concentrations in gasoline are reported typically as wide ranges due to the proprietary formulations. Several fuels from different suppliers were analyzed to determine a baseline of cumene concentration in modern fuels. The results of the analysis indicated that cumene accounts for approximately 0.01% (diesel) to 0.13% (premium gasoline) of the overall fuel composition. Cumene generally is considered to be of low human health toxicity, with the principal concern being eye, skin, and respiratory irritation following inhalation of vapors in an occupational setting, but it has been regulated in Florida at very low concentrations based on organoleptic considerations.
异丙苯（枯烯）在石油泄漏点的地下水中很常见，因为它天然存在于原油中，并且历史上曾被用作燃料添加剂。这些地点检测到的枯烯浓度通常超过了具有严格地下水法规的州的监管指南或标准。最近在历史石油地下储油罐（UST）泄漏地点收集的实验室分析数据表明，枯烯的浓度持续超过默认清理标准，而其他常见的石油成分低于检测限或低到足以允许自然衰减作为修复策略。这实际上使枯烯成为某些地点主动修复的驱动力。对于枯烯的原位修复，进行的研究很少。评估了硫酸盐增强生物降解（SEB）在现场案例研究中的效果。现场案例研究的结果表明，在进行了三轮 SEB 注射后，污染羽的面积大约减少了 92%。这项研究的另一个目的是确定目前正在使用的燃料中的枯烯浓度，以确定未来的影响。对几家燃料供应商的安全数据表进行审查后发现，由于配方保密，汽油中的枯烯浓度通常报告为很宽的范围。对来自不同供应商的几种燃料进行了分析，以确定现代燃料中枯烯浓度的基线。分析结果表明，枯烯约占总燃料成分的 0.01%（柴油）至 0.13%（优质汽油）。枯烯通常被认为对人类健康的毒性较低，主要关注的是在职业环境中吸入蒸气后对眼睛、皮肤和呼吸道的刺激，但由于感官考虑，佛罗里达州已将其在非常低的浓度下进行了监管。
