In vivo anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of (Forssk.) aerial parts in relation to its phytomolecules.

A total methanolic extract and its sub-extracts of (Forssk.) aerial parts were subjected to acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective investigations. The methanolic extract was safe upto 3 g/kg on mice. The EtOAc fraction reduced the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema better than indomethacin. It also demonstrated a drop in the elevated ALT, AST, and TB at 300 mg/kg, better than silymarin. Histopathological examination of liver cells of rats given the EtOAc fraction showed a complete absence of the CCl-induced cloudy swelling. A phytochemical investigation of the -hexane and EtOAc fractions yielded 11 compounds [indole-3-carboxylic acid (), -butyl palmitate (), tyrosol (), L-rhamnonic acid-1,4-lactone (), -sitosterol/stigmasterol mixture (), -sitosterol/stigmasterol glycosides mixture ('), chrysoeriol (), luteolin (), apigenin (), crenatoside (), and verbascoside ()] as identified by UV, 1D & 2D NMR and ESIMS techniques. Their reported biological actions were in relation to and supported our herein detected pharmacological findings.