Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia.
Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, India.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Feb;43(2):275-281. doi: 10.1007/s00276-020-02601-9. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
To analyze the morphology of shapes and positions of the apical foramina in permanent maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth.
Examination of the apical foramina was performed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 10×. The anatomic parameters evaluated were the shapes of the peripheral contours of the apical foramina (rounded, oval, asymmetric, and semilunar). The location of the apical foramen was recorded as a center, buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surface.
Results have shown that the frequency of deviation was 68% in all teeth being assessed, while the most frequent location of the apical foramen was in the center, with 32% followed by distal with 18%. The common shape of apical foramina was round shape in all the teeth.
The variation in the location and shapes of apical foramina in teeth. The commonest deviation in location of apical foramina was distal and the frequent shape was of a round shape.
分析上颌和下颌恒磨牙根尖孔的形态和位置。
使用立体显微镜在 10×放大倍数下检查根尖孔。评估的解剖参数包括根尖孔的外周轮廓形状（圆形、椭圆形、不对称和半月形）。根尖孔的位置记录为中心、颊侧、舌侧、近中面和远中面。
结果表明，所有评估牙齿的偏差频率为 68%，而根尖孔最常见的位置是中心，占 32%，其次是远中，占 18%。根尖孔的常见形状是所有牙齿的圆形。
牙齿根尖孔的位置和形状存在变异。根尖孔位置最常见的偏差是远中，最常见的形状是圆形。
