Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Industry, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2020 Dec;58(12):979-987. doi: 10.1007/s12275-020-0483-8. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
Protein lysine acetylation influences many physiological functions, such as gene regulation, metabolism, and disease in eukaryotes. Although little is known about the role of lysine acetylation in bacteria, several reports have proposed its importance in various cellular processes. Here, we discussed the function of the protein lysine acetylation and the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone-like proteins in bacteria focusing on Salmonella pathogenicity. The protein lysine residue in Salmonella is acetylated by the Pat-mediated enzymatic pathway or by the acetyl phosphate-mediated non-enzymatic pathway. In Salmonella, the acetylation of lysine 102 and lysine 201 on PhoP inhibits its protein activity and DNA-binding, respectively. Lysine acetylation of the transcriptional regulator, HilD, also inhibits pathogenic gene expression. Moreover, it has been reported that the protein acetylation patterns significantly differ in the drug-resistant and -sensitive Salmonella strains. In addition, nucleoid-associated proteins such as histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) are critical for the gene silencing in bacteria, and PTMs in H-NS also affect the gene expression. In this review, we suggest that protein lysine acetylation and the post-translational modifications of H-NS are important factors in understanding the regulation of gene expression responsible for pathogenicity in Salmonella.
蛋白质赖氨酸乙酰化影响真核生物的许多生理功能，如基因调控、代谢和疾病。尽管人们对细菌中赖氨酸乙酰化的作用知之甚少，但已有几篇报道提出了它在各种细胞过程中的重要性。在这里，我们讨论了蛋白质赖氨酸乙酰化和组蛋白样蛋白的翻译后修饰（PTMs）在细菌中的功能，重点关注沙门氏菌的致病性。沙门氏菌中的蛋白质赖氨酸残基被 Pat 介导的酶途径或乙酰磷酸盐介导的非酶途径乙酰化。在沙门氏菌中，PhoP 上赖氨酸 102 和赖氨酸 201 的乙酰化分别抑制其蛋白质活性和 DNA 结合。转录调节因子 HilD 的赖氨酸乙酰化也抑制致病基因的表达。此外，据报道，耐药和敏感的沙门氏菌菌株中的蛋白质乙酰化模式有显著差异。此外，核相关蛋白（如组蛋白样核结构蛋白（H-NS））对细菌中的基因沉默至关重要，H-NS 中的 PTMs 也会影响基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们认为蛋白质赖氨酸乙酰化和 H-NS 的翻译后修饰是理解与沙门氏菌致病性相关的基因表达调控的重要因素。
